NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system is the body's communication network, responsible for transmitting signals and messages between different parts of the body. It is made up of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The CNS is comprised of the brain and spinal cord, which work together to control and coordinate the body's functions. The brain is the body's command center, responsible for processing information and sending out signals to the rest of the body. The spinal cord, on the other hand, acts as a conduit for nerve impulses traveling between the brain and the rest of the body.
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The PNS consists of all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. The PNS is further divided into two branches: the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The SNS is responsible for voluntary movements and the transmission of sensory information, while the ANS regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration.
NEURONS
Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals between different parts of the body. They have three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axons. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for the cell's survival. Dendrites are extensions that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. Finally, the axon is a long extension that carries signals away from the cell body and towards other neurons or target cells, such as muscles or glands.
The process of transmitting a signal across a neuron is called an action potential. When a neuron is stimulated, positively charged ions flow into the cell, creating a wave of electrical activity that travels down the axon. Once the electrical impulse reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, chemicals that transmit the signal to the next cell in the circuit.
Overall, the nervous system plays a crucial role in coordinating and controlling the body's functions, allowing us to react to and interact with our environment.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. What is the main function of the nervous system?
a) Produce hormones
b) Regulate body temperature
c) Control and coordinate body functions
d) Eliminate waste products
2. What type of cells make up the nervous system?
a) Red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Nerve cells (neurons)
d) Muscle cells
3. Which part of the brain is responsible for conscious thought, memory, and language?
a) Cerebellum
b) Brainstem
c) Frontal lobes
d) Temporal lobes
4. What type of neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system?
a) Motor neurons
b) Sensory neurons
c) Interneurons
d) Glial cells
5. Which type of nervous system regulates voluntary movement of skeletal muscles?
a) Somatic nervous system
b) Autonomic nervous system
c) Sympathetic nervous system
d) Parasympathetic nervous system
6. What is the name of the fatty substance that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers?
a) Axon
b) Dendrite
c) Synapse
d) Myelin
7. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response to dangerous situations?
a) Sympathetic nervous system
b) Parasympathetic nervous system
c) Central nervous system
d) Peripheral nervous system
8. What is the name of the chemical messenger that carries impulses across the synapse?
a) Neurotransmitter
b) Hormone
c) Enzyme
d) Receptor
9. What is the function of the cerebellum?
a) Regulate heart rate and breathing
b) Control voluntary muscle movements and balance
c) Process sensory information from the eyes
d) Control body temperature
10. Which nerve carries impulses from the eye to the brain?
a) Optic nerve
b) Auditory nerve
c) Olfactory nerve
d) Facial nerve
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