BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON CROP PROPAGATION

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Topic: Crop Propagation Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Subject: Biology Specific Objectives By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Define crop propagation. Differentiate between sexual and asexual propagation. Identify and explain various methods of crop propagation. Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Recognize common examples of crops propagated using each method. Lesson Content 1. Meaning of Crop Propagation Crop propagation refers to the process by which plants reproduce or are reproduced to give rise to new plants. This can occur naturally or be carried out artificially by farmers or agricultural scientists. It is a vital practice in agriculture that ensures the continuous production of food and other plant-based resources. 2. Types of Crop Propagation Crop propagation is broadly categorized into two main types: Sexual Propagation (Seed Propagation) Asexual Propagation (Vegetative Propagation) 3. Sexual Propa...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON TERRESTRIAL HABITAT

 TOPIC: TERRESTRIAL HABITAT 

MAIN AIM: To help the learners understand Terrestrial habitat 

SUSIDIARY AIM: By the of the lesson, learner should be able to;

1. Explain the meaning of terrestrial habitat

2. List the types of terrestrial habitat

3. Students will identify the characteristics of terrestrial habitats.

4.  Students will understand the types of organisms that thrive in terrestrial habitats.

5. Students will explain the adaptations required by organisms to survive in terrestrial habitats.

PERSONAL AIM: To keep strictly to time allotted to each stage of the lesson

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The learners are familiar with habitat from their previous lesson 

TEACHING AIDS: Research work from the internet, pictures 

PROCEDURE: The teacher presents the lesson with the following steps 

STEP ONE: Meaning of terrestrial habitat 

Terrestrial habitat refers to natural dwelling place of an organism on land.

STEP TWO: TYPES OF TERRESTRIAL HABITAT

1. Forest: Forests are primarily dominated by trees and are home to a wide variety of plants and animals. 

2. Grasslands: Grasslands are dominated by grasses and are characterized by open plains and few trees. 

3. Savannas: Savannas are tropical grasslands with scattered trees or shrubs. 

4. Deserts: Deserts are arid regions with little rainfall and extreme temperatures. 

5. Tundra: Tundra is found in the coldest regions of the earth and is characterized by permafrost and low-growing vegetation. 

6. Wetlands: Wetlands are areas where water is the dominant feature and are characterized by a diversity of vegetation. 

7. Mountains: Mountains are elevated regions with various habitats that change with elevation and temperature gradients. 

8. Coastal regions: Coastal regions are where land and sea meet and are characterized by sandy beaches, rocky shores, and estuaries.

STEP THREE: Characteristics of Terrestrial Habitats

Terrestrial habitats possess particular characteristics that make them attractive to different kinds of organisms. These characteristics can be categorized into three: physical, biotic, and abiotic. Physical characteristics pertain to the topography, geology, and climate of the habitat. Biotic characteristics refer to the living organisms that inhabit the environment, while abiotic characteristics encompass the non-living elements such as sunlight, water, and minerals present in the ecosystem.

STEP FOUR: Types of Organisms That Thrive in Terrestrial Habitats

A wide range of organisms is found in terrestrial habitats, which include plants, animals, and microbes. Each organism has unique adaptations that enable them to survive in terrestrial environments. Some plants have waxy cuticles that reduce water loss, succulent leaves to store water, and extensive root systems to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Animals have various adaptations to survive in a variety of terrestrial environments. These include the ability to retain water, camouflage, hibernation and migration, and forming burrows, nests, or dens for shelter.

STEP FIVE: Adaptations Required by Organisms to Survive in Terrestrial Habitats

The adaptations required by organisms to survive in terrestrial habitats range widely. Animals in terrestrial habitats frequently need adaptations to combat desiccation. Plants require adaptations to compete for sunlight, water, and nutrients from the soil. The organic soil layer, moisture, and litter covering the soil are the main components that bind terrestrial habitats. Most of the microbes that inhabit terrestrial ecosystems play significant roles in soil formation and nutrient cycling. They are responsible for the breakdown of organic matter in soil and ecosystem processes such as nitrogen fixation.

EVALUATION:

1. Explain the meaning of terrestrial habitat

2. List the types of terrestrial habitat

3. Students will identify the characteristics of terrestrial habitats.

4.  Students will understand the types of organisms that thrive in terrestrial habitats.

5. . Students will explain the adaptations required by organisms to survive in terrestrial habitats.

CONCLUSION 

Terrestrial habitats provide various opportunities and challenges to the organisms that inhabit them. The characteristics of these environments are fundamental to their survival, and different organisms have unique adaptations to help them to live successfully in these habitats.

ASSIGNMENT 

1. Explain the meaning of terrestrial habitat

2. List the types of terrestrial habitat


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