BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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SS1 FIRST TERM BIOLOGY OBJECTIVE AND ESSAY QUESTIONS

 

WEEK 1 – INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

  1. Biology is best defined as the study of
    A. rocks and minerals
    B. living organisms
    C. heavenly bodies
    D. energy
    Correct Answer: B

  2. The branch of biology that studies animals is called
    A. Botany
    B. Zoology
    C. Ecology
    D. Anatomy
    Correct Answer: B

  3. The study of plants is known as
    A. Cytology
    B. Botany
    C. Physiology
    D. Anatomy
    Correct Answer: B

  4. The branch of biology that studies cells is
    A. Cytology
    B. Anatomy
    C. Zoology
    D. Botany
    Correct Answer: A

  5. A career opportunity in biology is
    A. Mason
    B. Pilot
    C. Medical doctor
    D. Carpenter
    Correct Answer: C

  6. The study of microorganisms is called
    A. Virology
    B. Microbiology
    C. Botany
    D. Ecology
    Correct Answer: B

  7. The branch of biology that deals with the structure of organisms is
    A. Physiology
    B. Anatomy
    C. Ecology
    D. Genetics
    Correct Answer: B

  8. Physiology deals with
    A. classification
    B. functions of body parts
    C. shape of cells
    D. behaviour of organisms
    Correct Answer: B

  9. Genetics deals with
    A. heredity and variation
    B. behaviour of organisms
    C. soil types
    D. protein formation
    Correct Answer: A

  10. The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment is
    A. Anatomy
    B. Ecology
    C. Physiology
    D. Genetics
    Correct Answer: B

WEEK 2 – CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

  1. One major difference between living and non-living things is
    A. weight
    B. ability to reproduce
    C. colour
    D. size
    Correct Answer: B

  2. Living things obtain and use
    A. sweat
    B. light
    C. energy
    D. metals
    Correct Answer: C

  3. The ability of living organisms to respond to stimuli is
    A. excretion
    B. movement
    C. irritability
    D. respiration
    Correct Answer: C

  4. All living things produce young ones. This is
    A. reproduction
    B. excretion
    C. respiration
    D. growth
    Correct Answer: A

  5. Plants mainly respond to stimuli by
    A. walking
    B. folding
    C. growth movements
    D. jumping
    Correct Answer: C

  6. Animals obtain food by
    A. photosynthesis
    B. absorption
    C. ingestion
    D. diffusion
    Correct Answer: C

  7. Plants make their food by
    A. chemosynthesis
    B. feeding
    C. digestion
    D. photosynthesis
    Correct Answer: D

  8. A characteristic not found in non-living things is
    A. mass
    B. movement
    C. reproduction
    D. weight
    Correct Answer: C

  9. Removal of waste products is
    A. digestion
    B. excretion
    C. respiration
    D. feeding
    Correct Answer: B

  10. Respiration in living things releases
    A. water
    B. oxygen
    C. energy
    D. heat
    Correct Answer: C

WEEK 3 – ORGANIZATION OF LIFE

  1. The basic unit of life is
    A. tissue
    B. organ
    C. cell
    D. system
    Correct Answer: C

  2. A group of similar cells performing the same function is
    A. tissue
    B. organ
    C. system
    D. organism
    Correct Answer: A

  3. The nucleus controls
    A. cell size
    B. cell activities
    C. colour of cell
    D. amount of water
    Correct Answer: B

  4. The cell organelle responsible for respiration is
    A. nucleus
    B. mitochondrion
    C. vacuole
    D. ribosome
    Correct Answer: B

  5. Ribosomes are responsible for
    A. digestion
    B. excretion
    C. protein synthesis
    D. reproduction
    Correct Answer: C

  6. The part of the cell that provides shape and protection is
    A. cell membrane
    B. cytoplasm
    C. ribosome
    D. nucleus
    Correct Answer: A

  7. Cytoplasm contains
    A. organelles
    B. blood
    C. bones
    D. roots
    Correct Answer: A

  8. A group of organs working together is a
    A. cell
    B. tissue
    C. system
    D. organism
    Correct Answer: C

  9. A complete living thing is
    A. cell
    B. tissue
    C. organism
    D. organ
    Correct Answer: C

  10. The cell membrane is
    A. fully permeable
    B. selectively permeable
    C. impermeable
    D. non-living
    Correct Answer: B

WEEK 4 – CELL AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

  1. Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration is
    A. osmosis
    B. diffusion
    C. active transport
    D. filtration
    Correct Answer: B

  2. Osmosis requires
    A. light
    B. a partially permeable membrane
    C. heat
    D. force
    Correct Answer: B

  3. Active transport requires
    A. no energy
    B. oxygen
    C. energy
    D. sunlight
    Correct Answer: C

  4. The medium where diffusion occurs fastest is
    A. solid
    B. liquid
    C. gas
    D. vacuum
    Correct Answer: C

  5. Osmosis involves movement of
    A. salt
    B. water
    C. sugar
    D. protein
    Correct Answer: B

  6. A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will
    A. burst
    B. shrink
    C. remain same
    D. divide
    Correct Answer: B

  7. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will
    A. shrink
    B. swell
    C. dry up
    D. divide
    Correct Answer: B

  8. Active transport moves substances
    A. down the concentration gradient
    B. against the concentration gradient
    C. randomly
    D. slowly
    Correct Answer: B

  9. Diffusion is important in
    A. hearing
    B. breathing
    C. digestion
    D. movement
    Correct Answer: B

  10. Osmosis is important in
    A. blood clotting
    B. water absorption
    C. bone formation
    D. reproduction
    Correct Answer: B

WEEK 5–6 – CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

  1. Classification helps biologists to
    A. confuse organisms
    B. store food
    C. identify organisms
    D. stop growth
    Correct Answer: C

  2. The five-kingdom system was proposed by
    A. Aristotle
    B. Whittaker
    C. Darwin
    D. Linnaeus
    Correct Answer: B

  3. The kingdom that contains bacteria is
    A. Animalia
    B. Monera
    C. Plantae
    D. Protista
    Correct Answer: B

  4. The kingdom that contains multicellular, autotrophic organisms is
    A. Fungi
    B. Animalia
    C. Plantae
    D. Protista
    Correct Answer: C

  5. Fungi obtain their food by
    A. photosynthesis
    B. ingestion
    C. absorption
    D. chemosynthesis
    Correct Answer: C

  6. Binomial nomenclature uses
    A. one name
    B. two names
    C. three names
    D. four names
    Correct Answer: B

  7. The first name in binomial nomenclature is the
    A. species
    B. class
    C. genus
    D. kingdom
    Correct Answer: C

  8. The second name in binomial nomenclature is the
    A. genus
    B. phylum
    C. species
    D. family
    Correct Answer: C

  9. Plants differ from animals because plants
    A. move fast
    B. produce own food
    C. have no cells
    D. reproduce only by seeds
    Correct Answer: B

  10. Animals differ from plants because animals
    A. photosynthesize
    B. cannot move
    C. ingest food
    D. lack cell membrane
    Correct Answer: C

WEEK 7 – MICROORGANISMS

  1. Microorganisms are mostly
    A. large
    B. small
    C. visible
    D. tall
    Correct Answer: B

  2. Bacteria are
    A. multicellular
    B. unicellular
    C. acellular
    D. non-living
    Correct Answer: B

  3. Viruses are
    A. living
    B. non-living
    C. both living and non-living
    D. plants
    Correct Answer: C

  4. Fungi include
    A. algae
    B. yeasts
    C. bacteria
    D. viruses
    Correct Answer: B

  5. Protozoa are mainly found in
    A. dry soil
    B. ponds
    C. rocks
    D. mountains
    Correct Answer: B

  6. Algae are mostly
    A. heterotrophic
    B. autotrophic
    C. parasitic
    D. carnivorous
    Correct Answer: B

  7. An economic benefit of microorganisms is
    A. causing fever
    B. spoiling food
    C. fermentation
    D. destroying crops
    Correct Answer: C

  8. A harmful effect of microorganisms is
    A. bread making
    B. yoghurt production
    C. disease
    D. cheese production
    Correct Answer: C

  9. Bacteria reproduce by
    A. binary fission
    B. budding
    C. spores
    D. seeds
    Correct Answer: A

  10. Viruses can only reproduce inside
    A. soil
    B. living cells
    C. air
    D. plants only
    Correct Answer: B

WEEK 8–9 – NUTRITION IN PLANTS & ANIMALS

  1. Plants that make their own food are
    A. heterotrophs
    B. autotrophs
    C. parasites
    D. saprophytes
    Correct Answer: B

  2. Animals that feed on plants only are
    A. carnivores
    B. omnivores
    C. herbivores
    D. parasites
    Correct Answer: C

  3. Photosynthesis requires
    A. sunlight and chlorophyll
    B. blood and oxygen
    C. nitrogen and iron
    D. carbon dioxide alone
    Correct Answer: A

  4. The by-product of photosynthesis is
    A. carbon dioxide
    B. oxygen
    C. nitrogen
    D. minerals
    Correct Answer: B

  5. Chemosynthesis uses
    A. sunlight
    B. chemical energy
    C. food
    D. oxygen
    Correct Answer: B

  6. The mode of feeding where organisms feed on dead organic matter is
    A. parasitic
    B. holozoic
    C. saprophytic
    D. autotrophic
    Correct Answer: C

  7. The nutrient that repairs body tissues is
    A. carbohydrates
    B. proteins
    C. vitamins
    D. minerals
    Correct Answer: B

  8. The nutrient that provides energy is
    A. proteins
    B. fats and carbohydrates
    C. water
    D. minerals
    Correct Answer: B

  9. Omnivores feed on
    A. plants only
    B. animals only
    C. both plants and animals
    D. neither of the above
    Correct Answer: C

  10. Minerals help in
    A. tissue building
    B. blood clotting
    C. energy production
    D. hormone breakdown
    Correct Answer: B

WEEK 10 – DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  1. Digestion begins in the
    A. stomach
    B. mouth
    C. large intestine
    D. liver
    Correct Answer: B

  2. The enzyme in saliva is
    A. lipase
    B. maltase
    C. amylase
    D. lactase
    Correct Answer: C

  3. The organ that produces bile is
    A. pancreas
    B. stomach
    C. liver
    D. intestine
    Correct Answer: C

  4. Bile helps to
    A. digest protein
    B. emulsify fats
    C. digest starch
    D. absorb water
    Correct Answer: B

  5. The longest part of the digestive system is
    A. oesophagus
    B. stomach
    C. small intestine
    D. mouth
    Correct Answer: C

  6. Absorption of digested food occurs mainly in the
    A. stomach
    B. oesophagus
    C. small intestine
    D. liver
    Correct Answer: C

  7. The pancreas secretes
    A. saliva
    B. gastric juice
    C. pancreatic juice
    D. bile
    Correct Answer: C

  8. Protein digestion begins in the
    A. mouth
    B. stomach
    C. small intestine
    D. rectum
    Correct Answer: B

  9. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
    A. stomach
    B. liver
    C. mouth
    D. large intestine
    Correct Answer: C

  10. Water absorption occurs mainly in the
    A. small intestine
    B. large intestine
    C. pancreas
    D. stomach
    Correct Answer: B

WEEK 11 – MALNUTRITION

  1. Malnutrition means
    A. eating too much
    B. lack or excess of nutrients
    C. eating slowly
    D. overeating alone
    Correct Answer: B

  2. Lack of vitamin A causes
    A. beri-beri
    B. scurvy
    C. night blindness
    D. kwashiorkor
    Correct Answer: C

  3. Kwashiorkor results from lack of
    A. protein
    B. carbohydrates
    C. fats
    D. minerals
    Correct Answer: A

  4. Marasmus results from
    A. protein deficiency
    B. total food deficiency
    C. lack of vitamins
    D. lack of minerals
    Correct Answer: B

  5. Rickets is caused by deficiency of
    A. vitamin C
    B. vitamin D
    C. iron
    D. iodine
    Correct Answer: B

  6. Scurvy is caused by lack of
    A. vitamin A
    B. vitamin B
    C. vitamin C
    D. vitamin D
    Correct Answer: C

  7. Anaemia is caused by lack of
    A. iodine
    B. iron
    C. vitamin K
    D. protein
    Correct Answer: B

  8. A symptom of kwashiorkor is
    A. bowed legs
    B. swollen stomach
    C. blindness
    D. bleeding gums
    Correct Answer: B

  9. Goitre is caused by lack of
    A. iodine
    B. calcium
    C. protein
    D. iron
    Correct Answer: A

  10. Protein deficiency leads to
    A. swollen legs
    B. poor growth
    C. weight gain
    D. long nails
    Correct Answer: B

GENERAL REVISION QUESTIONS

  1. All living things respire to obtain
    A. nutrients
    B. energy
    C. blood
    D. carbon dioxide
    Correct Answer: B

  2. The cell wall is found in
    A. animals only
    B. plants only
    C. both plants and animals
    D. fungi only
    Correct Answer: B

  3. Chlorophyll is located in the
    A. mitochondrion
    B. chloroplast
    C. nucleus
    D. ribosome
    Correct Answer: B

  4. Yeast reproduces by
    A. fission
    B. spores
    C. budding
    D. splitting
    Correct Answer: C

  5. A virus attacks
    A. only water
    B. living cells
    C. stones
    D. metals
    Correct Answer: B

  6. All animals obtain food by
    A. feeding
    B. absorption
    C. photosynthesis
    D. diffusion
    Correct Answer: A

  7. The brain belongs to the
    A. digestive system
    B. nervous system
    C. excretory system
    D. reproductive system
    Correct Answer: B

  8. The plant leaves mainly help in
    A. digestion
    B. photosynthesis
    C. breathing alone
    D. reproduction
    Correct Answer: B

  9. An organ made of tissues is
    A. heart
    B. blood
    C. cell
    D. cytoplasm
    Correct Answer: A

  10. A system made of organs is
    A. blood
    B. organism
    C. digestive system
    D. nucleus
    Correct Answer: C

✅ 10 ESSAY QUESTIONS (EACH WITH A & B)

  1. A. Define Biology.
    B. Explain five branches of biology and their areas of study.

  2. A. List and explain any five characteristics of living things.
    B. State five differences between plants and animals.

  3. A. Describe the levels of organization of life.
    B. Draw and label a typical animal cell.

  4. A. Define diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
    B. State two differences between diffusion and active transport.

  5. A. Explain the five-kingdom system of classification.
    B. List five differences between plants and animals.

  6. A. Explain binomial nomenclature.
    B. Write the scientific names of man and housefly correctly.

  7. A. List five types of microorganisms.
    B. Explain five economic importance of microorganisms.

  8. A. Describe photosynthesis.
    B. Explain autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

  9. A. Describe the human digestive system.
    B. Explain the process of digestion in the small intestine.

  10. A. Define malnutrition.
    B. Discuss four deficiency diseases and their symptoms.


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