BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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SS1 FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK


SS1 BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

First Term

  1. Week 1: Introduction to Biology

    • Definition and scope of biology
    • Branches of biology and career opportunities

  2. Week 2: Characteristics of Living Things

    • Differences between living and non-living things
    • Features of plants and animals

  3. Week 3: Organization of Life

    • Levels of organization (cells, tissues, organs, systems, organisms)
    • Cell structure and functions of cell organelles

  4. Week 4: The Cell and Its Environment

    • Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport

  5. Week 5: Classification of Living Things

    • Basis of classification
    • Five-kingdom system of classification

  6. Week 6: Classification of Living Things (Continued)

    • Binomial nomenclature
    • Differences between plants and animals

  7. Week 7: Microorganisms Around Us

    • Types of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae)
    • Economic importance of microorganisms

  8. Week 8: Nutrition in Plants and Animals

    • Modes of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition)
    • Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

  9. Week 9: Nutrition in Animals

    • Types of feeding in animals
    • Classes and sources of food nutrients

  10. Week 10: Digestive System in Humans

    • Parts and functions of the digestive system
    • Digestion process and absorption

  11. Week 11: Malnutrition and Its Effects

    • Types of malnutrition and deficiency diseases

  12. Week 12: Revision

  13. Week 13: Examination

Second Term

  1. Week 1: Transport System in Plants and Animals

    • Importance of transport in living organisms
    • Transport mechanisms in plants (diffusion, osmosis, transpiration)

  2. Week 2: Transport System in Animals

    • Blood, its components, and functions
    • Circulatory system in mammals

  3. Week 3: Excretory System in Plants and Animals

    • Excretory structures in plants and animals
    • Excretion and homeostasis

  4. Week 4: Respiratory System in Plants and Animals

    • Types of respiration (aerobic and anaerobic)
    • Respiratory structures in animals

  5. Week 5: Respiratory System in Mammals

    • Structure and functions of the respiratory organs
    • Mechanism of breathing in humans

  6. Week 6: Sense Organs in Humans

    • Structure and functions of the eye, ear, nose, tongue, and skin

  7. Week 7: Hormonal Coordination in Animals

    • Endocrine glands and their functions
    • Hormonal disorders

  8. Week 8: Nervous System in Mammals

    • Central and peripheral nervous systems
    • Reflex action and voluntary actions

  9. Week 9: Skeletal System in Mammals

    • Types and functions of skeletons
    • Types of joints and their functions

  10. Week 10: Support in Plants

    • Tissues responsible for support in plants
    • Primary and secondary growth in plants

  11. Week 11: Posture and Locomotion in Animals

    • Mechanism of movement in animals
    • Adaptations for movement in different organisms

  12. Week 12: Revision

  13. Week 13: Examination

Third Term

  1. Week 1: Reproduction in Plants and Animals

    • Asexual and sexual reproduction
    • Types of asexual reproduction in plants and lower animals

  2. Week 2: Reproduction in Mammals

    • Male and female reproductive organs
    • Gametogenesis and fertilization

  3. Week 3: Development of a New Organism

    • Embryonic development in humans
    • Birth process and maternal care

  4. Week 4: Growth in Plants and Animals

    • Measurement of growth
    • Growth patterns in plants and animals

  5. Week 5: Ecology – Components of the Environment

    • Biotic and abiotic components
    • Interactions in an ecosystem

  6. Week 6: Ecological Factors

    • Climatic, edaphic, and biotic factors affecting organisms

  7. Week 7: Food Chain and Food Web

    • Energy flow in an ecosystem
    • Pyramid of numbers and biomass

  8. Week 8: Adaptation of Plants and Animals to Their Habitats

    • Structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations

  9. Week 9: Balance in Nature

    • Population regulation
    • Importance of conservation

  10. Week 10: Pollution and Its Effects on Humans

    • Types of pollution
    • Control measures for pollution

  11. Week 11: Conservation of Natural Resources

    • Importance of conservation
    • Methods of conservation

  12. Week 12: Revision

  13. Week 13: Examination

Conclusion

This SS1 Biology Scheme of Work provides a solid foundation for understanding key biological concepts. It prepares students for advanced topics in SS2 and SS3, as well as external exams like WAEC, NECO, and JAMB.

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