BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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Conditions Necessary for Respiration

 

Conditions Necessary for Respiration

For effective exchange of gases to take place, the following conditions must be met:

Respiratory medium: This refers to the environment from which the organism inhales oxygen. Examples include air and water.

Respiratory organ: This refers to the organ possessed by the organism needed to inhale oxygen from the environment and exhale CO2 and water vapour. Examples of such organs are lungs in mammals and gills in fishes.

Transport medium: This is needed to transport the dissolved oxygen to the various cells of the body which in turn picks up CO2 and other waste products for the elimination process. An example is blood in mammals.

Ventilation: This is the movement of air in the direction over the respiratory surface. This ensures the replacement of used oxygen and the elimination of waste products. An increase in the rate of gaseous exchange is facilitated by a ventilation mechanism. An example is breathing in human.

Respiratory surface: This refers to the actual surface of the body where gaseous exchange takes place. Examples include alveoli in mammals and cell membrane in amoeba.

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