BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON CROP PROPAGATION

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Topic: Crop Propagation Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Subject: Biology Specific Objectives By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Define crop propagation. Differentiate between sexual and asexual propagation. Identify and explain various methods of crop propagation. Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Recognize common examples of crops propagated using each method. Lesson Content 1. Meaning of Crop Propagation Crop propagation refers to the process by which plants reproduce or are reproduced to give rise to new plants. This can occur naturally or be carried out artificially by farmers or agricultural scientists. It is a vital practice in agriculture that ensures the continuous production of food and other plant-based resources. 2. Types of Crop Propagation Crop propagation is broadly categorized into two main types: Sexual Propagation (Seed Propagation) Asexual Propagation (Vegetative Propagation) 3. Sexual Propa...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON FRUITS

 Topic: Fruits

Introduction

Fruits are seed-bearing structures that develop from flowers. They provide essential nutrients and offer a wide range of flavors. Fruits are classified based on their structure into three groups: fleshy, dry, and aggregate fruits.

Types of fruits and their structure

1. Fleshy fruits 

     a. Berry: A berry fruit is fleshy, juicy, and contains seeds embedded within the flesh. Examples include grapes, tomatoes, and blueberries.

     b. Drupe: Drupe fruits have a hard, woody pit and a fleshy outer layer. Examples include peaches and plums.

     c. Pome: Pome fruits have a fleshy edible part and a core with multiple seeds. Examples include apples and pears.

2. Dry fruits

     a. Dehiscent: Dehiscent fruits split open at maturity to release their seeds. Examples include legumes and capsules.

     b. Indehiscent: Indehiscent fruits do not split open at maturity. Examples include nuts and grains. 

3. Aggregate fruits: Aggregate fruits are formed by the fusion of multiple ovaries in a single flower. Examples include raspberries and strawberries.

Difference between fruits and seeds.

Fruits and seeds are both essential to the reproduction of plants and are often confused with one another. Fruits are the mature ovary of a flowering plant while seeds are mature ovules.

Difference between fruits and seeds:

1. Definition: Fruits are the mature ovary of a flowering plant, while seeds are the mature ovules.

2. Structure: Fruits are made up of three parts: the outer layer (exocarp), the middle layer (mesocarp), and the inner layer (endocarp). Seeds are made up of an outer coat (testa) and an inner core (endosperm or cotyledon).

3. Function: Fruits are developed as a means of protecting and dispersing seeds. Seeds are developed as a means of propagation.

4. Types: Fruits can be classified into different types based on their structures (fleshy, dry, and aggregate) while seeds can be classified into monocots and dicots.

5. Examples: Examples of fruits include apples, bananas, and oranges while examples of seeds include beans, corn, and rice. 

Conclusion:

Understanding the differences between fruits and seeds will help in the classification and identification of various plants and their parts. 


Comments

  1. AnonymousApril 8, 2025 at 8:36 AM

    Saw biology note on fruit and seed

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. AnonymousApril 8, 2025 at 8:40 AM

      Ss2 biology note on fruit and seed third term

      Delete

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