BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON FRUITS

 Topic: Fruits

Introduction

Fruits are seed-bearing structures that develop from flowers. They provide essential nutrients and offer a wide range of flavors. Fruits are classified based on their structure into three groups: fleshy, dry, and aggregate fruits.

Types of fruits and their structure

1. Fleshy fruits 

     a. Berry: A berry fruit is fleshy, juicy, and contains seeds embedded within the flesh. Examples include grapes, tomatoes, and blueberries.

     b. Drupe: Drupe fruits have a hard, woody pit and a fleshy outer layer. Examples include peaches and plums.

     c. Pome: Pome fruits have a fleshy edible part and a core with multiple seeds. Examples include apples and pears.

2. Dry fruits

     a. Dehiscent: Dehiscent fruits split open at maturity to release their seeds. Examples include legumes and capsules.

     b. Indehiscent: Indehiscent fruits do not split open at maturity. Examples include nuts and grains. 

3. Aggregate fruits: Aggregate fruits are formed by the fusion of multiple ovaries in a single flower. Examples include raspberries and strawberries.

Difference between fruits and seeds.

Fruits and seeds are both essential to the reproduction of plants and are often confused with one another. Fruits are the mature ovary of a flowering plant while seeds are mature ovules.

Difference between fruits and seeds:

1. Definition: Fruits are the mature ovary of a flowering plant, while seeds are the mature ovules.

2. Structure: Fruits are made up of three parts: the outer layer (exocarp), the middle layer (mesocarp), and the inner layer (endocarp). Seeds are made up of an outer coat (testa) and an inner core (endosperm or cotyledon).

3. Function: Fruits are developed as a means of protecting and dispersing seeds. Seeds are developed as a means of propagation.

4. Types: Fruits can be classified into different types based on their structures (fleshy, dry, and aggregate) while seeds can be classified into monocots and dicots.

5. Examples: Examples of fruits include apples, bananas, and oranges while examples of seeds include beans, corn, and rice. 

Conclusion:

Understanding the differences between fruits and seeds will help in the classification and identification of various plants and their parts. 


Comments

  1. AnonymousApril 8, 2025 at 8:36 AM

    Saw biology note on fruit and seed

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. AnonymousApril 8, 2025 at 8:40 AM

      Ss2 biology note on fruit and seed third term

      Delete
  2. AnonymousJune 15, 2025 at 1:09 PM

    Write a note on habitat

    ReplyDelete

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