BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON CROP PROPAGATION

Image
Topic: Crop Propagation Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Subject: Biology Specific Objectives By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Define crop propagation. Differentiate between sexual and asexual propagation. Identify and explain various methods of crop propagation. Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Recognize common examples of crops propagated using each method. Lesson Content 1. Meaning of Crop Propagation Crop propagation refers to the process by which plants reproduce or are reproduced to give rise to new plants. This can occur naturally or be carried out artificially by farmers or agricultural scientists. It is a vital practice in agriculture that ensures the continuous production of food and other plant-based resources. 2. Types of Crop Propagation Crop propagation is broadly categorized into two main types: Sexual Propagation (Seed Propagation) Asexual Propagation (Vegetative Propagation) 3. Sexual Propa...
Post a Comment

BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN

 TOPIC: Parts and Functions of Reproductive System in Humans

Introduction:

The reproductive system in humans is made up of different parts which function to ensure the production and transport of gametes for fertilization. In addition, other structures within the reproductive system help in the development of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy. This lesson will explore the parts and functions of the reproductive system in humans, as well as the structure of the ovum and sperm cell.

Parts of the Reproductive System in Humans:

1. Gonads: These are the primary sex organs involved in the production of gametes. In males, the gonads are the testes, while in females, it is the ovaries.

2. Ducts: These are tubes that connect the gonads to other reproductive structures such as the uterus and vagina (in females) and epididymis and urethra (in males).

3. Accessory Glands: These are structures that produce fluids that aid in the transport and protection of gametes during fertilization. Examples include the prostate gland, Cowper's glands, and seminal vesicles (in males) and Bartholin's glands and Skene's glands (in females).

4. External Structures: These are the visible reproductive structures that help in copulation and childbirth. Examples include the penis and scrotum (in males) and the vulva and clitoris (in females).

Functions of the Reproductive System in Humans

1. Production of Gametes: The primary function of the reproductive system is to produce and transport gametes from the gonads to fertilize the egg during sexual intercourse. 

2. Hormone Production: The reproductive system also produces hormones that regulate sexual development, fertility, and pregnancy. Examples include estrogen and progesterone (in females) and testosterone (in males).

3. Pregnancy and Childbirth: The reproductive system in females is designed to support the development of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy and to facilitate childbirth.


Structure of the Ovum and Sperm Cell

The ovum is the female gamete produced by the ovaries, while the sperm cell is the male gamete produced by the testes. Both gametes have unique structures that enable fertilization to occur.

Structure of the Ovum

1. Zona Pellucida: A thick glycoprotein layer that surrounds the surface of the ovum to protect it from premature fertilization and to ensure only one sperm can penetrate it.

2. Cytoplasm: The inner portion of the ovum that contains various organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes, as well as nutrients needed for early embryonic development.

3. Nucleus: The center of the ovum that contains the genetic material (DNA) that combines with the male gamete during fertilization.

Structure of the Sperm Cell

1. Head: The front portion of the sperm cell that contains the nucleus and is covered by an acrosome, which contains enzymes that break down the zona pellucida.

2. Midpiece: The center of the sperm cell that contains the mitochondria, which provide energy for the sperm to swim.

3. Tail: The rear portion of the sperm cell that propels the sperm forward towards the ovum during fertilization.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the reproductive system in humans has various organs and structures that work together to produce, transport, and fertilize gametes. Understanding the parts and functions of the reproductive system, as well as the structure of gametes, is essential to comprehend the process of human reproduction and fertility.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CHEMISTRY LESSON NOTE FOR SS1, SS2 AND SS3 pdf

SCHEME OF WORK  SS1 first term Practical introduction to chemistry Chemical industry Definition of chemistry Particulate nature of matter Molecular concept Dalton’s Atomic theory Isotope and isotopy Symbols and formulae Mole concept Empirical and molecular formulae Laws of chemical combination SS1 second term  Electronic configuration Chemical combination States of matter Kinetic theory Gaseous state and gas laws Separation techniques Acids, Bases and salts Indicators and pH Hygroscopic, efflorescent and Deliquescent salts SS1 third term Water and Solutions Hardness of water Solubility Periodic table SS 2 first term Energy concept Exothermic and Endothermic reaction Energy profile diagram Rate of reaction Chemical equilibrium Hydrogen compounds Oxygen compounds Oxidation and Reduction Oxidizing and reducing agent SS 2 second term Electrolysis Selective discharge of ions Electrolytic cell Qualitative and quantitative Analysis Water treatment SS 2 third term Carbon and in...
Read more

SS1 SECOND TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

SS1 SECOND TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK  TOPICS Tissue and supporting system Vertebrate skeleton  Supporting tissues in plant Nutrition in animals  Mammalian teeth  Basic ecological concepts  Population studies by sampling method  Ecological factors  Functioning ecosystem  Tropic levels  Revision  Examination 
Read more

BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Image
Topic: Transport    System Instructional   Materials:  Models , specimen, pictures Aim of the Lesson: To help the learner understand the transport system Anticipated Problems: Because of advancement in class, most themes might be new to the learner and might result to difficulty in understanding. Possible Solution: The teacher explains the concept in details using illustrations and real objects. Content Objectives : By the of the lesson, learner should be able to; Define   of transport system State the need for transport system Explain transport system in lower organism List the materials for transport Explain the media for transportation of materials Explain the mechanism of transportation in some organism and Unicellular organism and Simple multicellular organism Explain transport system in man  Time Table fit/ previous knowledge: The learners learnt about the digestive system in their previous class. Set...
Read more