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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON CROP PROPAGATION

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Topic: Crop Propagation Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Subject: Biology Specific Objectives By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Define crop propagation. Differentiate between sexual and asexual propagation. Identify and explain various methods of crop propagation. Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Recognize common examples of crops propagated using each method. Lesson Content 1. Meaning of Crop Propagation Crop propagation refers to the process by which plants reproduce or are reproduced to give rise to new plants. This can occur naturally or be carried out artificially by farmers or agricultural scientists. It is a vital practice in agriculture that ensures the continuous production of food and other plant-based resources. 2. Types of Crop Propagation Crop propagation is broadly categorized into two main types: Sexual Propagation (Seed Propagation) Asexual Propagation (Vegetative Propagation) 3. Sexual Propa...
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BIOLOGY WEAC PAST QUESTIONS

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SS1 FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

SS1 BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK First Term Week 1: Introduction to Biology Definition and scope of biology Branches of biology and career opportunities Week 2: Characteristics of Living Things Differences between living and non-living things Features of plants and animals Week 3: Organization of Life Levels of organization (cells, tissues, organs, systems, organisms) Cell structure and functions of cell organelles Week 4: The Cell and Its Environment Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport Week 5: Classification of Living Things Basis of classification Five-kingdom system of classification Week 6: Classification of Living Things (Continued) Binomial nomenclature Differences between plants and animals Week 7: Microorganisms Around Us Types of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae) Economic importance of microorganisms Week 8: Nutrition in Plants and Animals Modes of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition...
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SS2 FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

SS2 BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK First Term Week 1: Reproductive System in Humans Male and female reproductive structures and functions Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Menstrual cycle Week 2: Reproductive System in Humans (Continued) Fertilization, implantation, and development of the embryo Pregnancy, childbirth (parturition), and lactation Week 3: Reproductive System in Plants Structure and functions of reproductive organs in flowering plants Pollination and types of pollination Week 4: Reproductive System in Plants (Continued) Fertilization, fruit formation, and seed development Types and dispersal of fruits and seeds Week 5: Growth in Plants and Animals Definition of growth and development Stages of growth in plants and animals Week 6: Growth in Plants and Animals (Continued) Factors affecting growth Growth measurements and growth curves Week 7: Co-ordination and Control in Plants and Animals Nervous system in animals: struc...
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SS3 FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

SS3 BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK First Term Week 1: Reproduction in Humans Male and female reproductive systems Gametogenesis, fertilization, and implantation Week 2: Development of a New Organism Embryonic development (zygote to fetus) Birth process and maternal care Week 3: Genetics – Heredity and Variation Mendelian laws of inheritance Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses Week 4: Chromosomes and Genes Structure and function of chromosomes Types of chromosomes (autosomes and sex chromosomes) Week 5: Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Traits XY and XX chromosome systems Examples of sex-linked traits (color blindness, hemophilia) Week 6: Mutation Types and causes of mutation Effects of mutation on organisms Week 7: Variation in Living Organisms Types of variation (continuous and discontinuous) Importance of variation in evolution Week 8: Evolution Theories of evolution Evidence supporting evolution Week 9: Adaptation of Organisms to Thei...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS

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Biology Lesson Note on the Endocrine Glands Topic: The Endocrine Glands – Structure, Functions, and Disorders Class: Senior Secondary School (SSS 2) Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Define the endocrine system and explain the meaning of endocrine glands. Identify the major endocrine glands in the human body. Describe the functions of each endocrine gland. Explain the hormones produced by each gland and their functions. Highlight the role of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis. Identify common endocrine disorders and their causes. Explain how to maintain a healthy endocrine system. Lesson Content: Introduction to the Endocrine System The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce hormones, which are chemical substances that regulate various functions in the body. Unlike exocrine glands, which have ducts, endocrine glands are ductless and release their hormones directly into th...
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TEST YOUR BIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN LIVER

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  Topic: The Human Liver Class: Senior Secondary (Biology) Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Identify the location and structure of the liver. Describe the major functions of the liver. Explain the role of the liver in digestion and metabolism. Discuss common liver diseases and their prevention. Outline the importance of liver health and how to maintain it. Lesson Content 1. Introduction to the Liver The liver is the largest internal organ and one of the most vital organs in the human body. It plays a crucial role in metabolism, detoxification, digestion, and storage of nutrients . The liver is a reddish-brown , wedge-shaped organ located in the upper right abdomen , just below the diaphragm. 2. Structure of the Liver The liver weighs about 1.4 – 1.6 kg in adults. It has two main lobes : Right lobe (larger) Left lobe (smaller) It is divided into functional units called lobules , which cont...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN HEART

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Topic: The Human Heart Class: Senior Secondary School (SSS 2) / High School Biology Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Define the heart and explain its importance in the circulatory system. Describe the structure of the heart, including its chambers and valves. Explain the flow of blood through the heart and how circulation works. Discuss the electrical conduction system of the heart. Identify and describe common heart diseases and their prevention. Lesson Content 1. Introduction The human heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It works continuously to deliver oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. The heart is a vital organ in the circulatory system and plays a crucial role in sustaining life. 2. Structure of the Heart The heart is roughly the size of a clenched fist and is located in the chest cavity, slightly to the left of the midline. It is enclosed i...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON DIFFUSION

Topic: Diffusion Class: Senior Secondary School (SSS 2) Duration: 80 minutes Specific Objectives By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define diffusion and explain its significance in biological systems. Describe the process of diffusion with real-life examples. Differentiate between diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Explain the factors affecting the rate of diffusion. Describe the role of diffusion in plants and animals. Conduct simple experiments to demonstrate diffusion. Explain the importance of diffusion in biological processes. Lesson Content Introduction to Diffusion Diffusion is a fundamental biological process that allows molecules to move freely from one region to another. It is essential for the transport of gases, nutrients, and waste materials in living organisms. Understanding diffusion helps explain how cells exchange materials with their environment. Definition of Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of molecules or particle...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON OSMOSIS

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T opic: Osmosis Class: Senior Secondary School (SSS 2) Duration: 80 minutes Specific Objectives By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define osmosis and explain its significance in biological systems. Describe the process of osmosis using real-life examples. Differentiate between osmosis, diffusion, and active transport. Explain the factors affecting osmosis. Describe the effects of osmosis on plant and animal cells. Conduct simple experiments to demonstrate osmosis. Explain the importance of osmosis in plants and animals. Lesson Content Introduction to Osmosis Osmosis is a fundamental biological process that plays a crucial role in the survival of living organisms. It is a type of passive transport that allows the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. Understanding osmosis is important for grasping key biological concepts, such as cell function, nutrient absorption, and waste removal. Definition of Osmosis Osmosis ...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON MICRO ORGANISMS AND BETTER HEALTH

  Topic: Microorganisms and Better Health Specific Objectives • Define microorganisms and list their types. • Explain the roles of microorganisms in health and disease. • Identify beneficial microorganisms and their contributions to human health. • Describe harmful microorganisms and their effects on human health. • Discuss ways to prevent and control diseases caused by harmful microorganisms. Lesson Content 1. Definition of Microorganisms Microorganisms, also known as microbes, are tiny living organisms that can only be seen under a microscope. They are found in various environments, including air, water, soil, and inside living organisms. 2. Types of Microorganisms • Bacteria: Single-celled organisms that can be beneficial or harmful. Example: Lactobacillus (helps in digestion), Salmonella (causes food poisoning). • Viruses: Non-living outside a host but become active inside a living cell. Example: HIV, Influenza virus. • Fungi: Can be single-celled or multicellular; some cause i...
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