BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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SS2 FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK


SS2 BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

First Term

  1. Week 1: Reproductive System in Humans

    • Male and female reproductive structures and functions
    • Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
    • Menstrual cycle

  2. Week 2: Reproductive System in Humans (Continued)

    • Fertilization, implantation, and development of the embryo
    • Pregnancy, childbirth (parturition), and lactation

  3. Week 3: Reproductive System in Plants

    • Structure and functions of reproductive organs in flowering plants
    • Pollination and types of pollination

  4. Week 4: Reproductive System in Plants (Continued)

    • Fertilization, fruit formation, and seed development
    • Types and dispersal of fruits and seeds

  5. Week 5: Growth in Plants and Animals

    • Definition of growth and development
    • Stages of growth in plants and animals

  6. Week 6: Growth in Plants and Animals (Continued)

    • Factors affecting growth
    • Growth measurements and growth curves

  7. Week 7: Co-ordination and Control in Plants and Animals

    • Nervous system in animals: structure and function
    • Hormonal control in animals

  8. Week 8: Co-ordination and Control in Plants and Animals (Continued)

    • Tropisms and nastic movements in plants
    • Plant hormones and their effects

  9. Week 9: Sense Organs

    • Structure and functions of the eye and ear
    • Common defects of sense organs and their corrections

  10. Week 10: Excretory System in Animals

    • Organs of excretion in unicellular and multicellular organisms
    • Structure and functions of the kidney and liver

  11. Week 11: Excretory System in Animals (Continued)

    • Common diseases of the excretory system and their prevention

  12. Week 12: Revision

  13. Week 13: Examination

Second Term

  1. Week 1: Respiratory System in Mammals

    • Structure and functions of the respiratory system
    • Mechanism of breathing and gaseous exchange

  2. Week 2: Respiratory System in Mammals (Continued)

    • Respiratory diseases and their prevention

  3. Week 3: Circulatory System in Mammals

    • Components of the circulatory system: heart, blood vessels, and blood
    • Blood circulation: systemic and pulmonary circulation

  4. Week 4: Circulatory System in Mammals (Continued)

    • Functions of blood and lymphatic system
    • Blood pressure and common circulatory diseases

  5. Week 5: Transport System in Plants

    • Structure and functions of xylem and phloem
    • Mechanisms of transport in plants (diffusion, osmosis, active transport)

  6. Week 6: Transport System in Plants (Continued)

    • Transpiration and translocation
    • Factors affecting transpiration

  7. Week 7: Tissues and Supporting Systems in Animals

    • Types of animal tissues and their functions
    • Skeletal system: bone and cartilage

  8. Week 8: Tissues and Supporting Systems in Plants

    • Plant tissues and their functions
    • Primary and secondary growth in plants

  9. Week 9: Reproductive Health

    • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their prevention
    • Family planning methods and their importance

  10. Week 10: Population Control

    • Importance and methods of population control

  11. Week 11: Pollution and Its Effects

    • Types and effects of pollution on humans and the environment
    • Control measures for pollution

  12. Week 12: Revision

  13. Week 13: Examination

Third Term

  1. Week 1: Ecosystem

    • Components of an ecosystem (biotic and abiotic factors)
    • Energy flow in ecosystems (food chain, food web, pyramid of energy)

  2. Week 2: Biogeochemical Cycles

    • Water cycle
    • Carbon cycle

  3. Week 3: Biogeochemical Cycles (Continued)

    • Nitrogen cycle
    • Oxygen cycle

  4. Week 4: Adaptations in Plants and Animals

    • Structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations
    • Examples of adaptations in desert, aquatic, and forest ecosystems

  5. Week 5: Ecological Management and Conservation

    • Importance of conservation
    • Deforestation, desertification, and their effects

  6. Week 6: Ecological Management and Conservation (Continued)

    • Methods of environmental conservation

  7. Week 7: Pests and Their Effects on Crops and Humans

    • Types of crop pests and their effects
    • Pest control methods

  8. Week 8: Diseases and Their Control

    • Types of diseases (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic)

  9. Week 9: Diseases and Their Control (Continued)

    • Disease prevention and control measures
    • Public health and hygiene

  10. Week 10: Growth and Development

    • Stages of human growth and development

  11. Week 11: Environmental Health and Sanitation

    • Waste disposal and its impact on health
    • Personal and community hygiene

  12. Week 12: Revision

  13. Week 13: Examination

Conclusion

This complete SS2 Biology Scheme of Work ensures that students get a comprehensive understanding of advanced biological concepts. It prepares them for SS3 Biology and external exams like WAEC, NECO, and JAMB.

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