BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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SS3 FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK


SS3 BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

First Term

  1. Week 1: Reproduction in Humans

    • Male and female reproductive systems
    • Gametogenesis, fertilization, and implantation

  2. Week 2: Development of a New Organism

    • Embryonic development (zygote to fetus)
    • Birth process and maternal care

  3. Week 3: Genetics – Heredity and Variation

    • Mendelian laws of inheritance
    • Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses

  4. Week 4: Chromosomes and Genes

    • Structure and function of chromosomes
    • Types of chromosomes (autosomes and sex chromosomes)

  5. Week 5: Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Traits

    • XY and XX chromosome systems
    • Examples of sex-linked traits (color blindness, hemophilia)

  6. Week 6: Mutation

    • Types and causes of mutation
    • Effects of mutation on organisms

  7. Week 7: Variation in Living Organisms

    • Types of variation (continuous and discontinuous)
    • Importance of variation in evolution

  8. Week 8: Evolution

    • Theories of evolution
    • Evidence supporting evolution

  9. Week 9: Adaptation of Organisms to Their Environment

    • Structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations

  10. Week 10: Natural Selection and Speciation

    • Process of natural selection
    • Factors leading to the formation of new species

  11. Week 11: Revision

  12. Week 12: Examination

Second Term

  1. Week 1: Ecology – Energy Flow in Ecosystems

    • Food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids

  2. Week 2: Biogeochemical Cycles

    • Carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles

  3. Week 3: Ecological Succession

    • Primary and secondary succession
    • Climax communities

  4. Week 4: Population Studies

    • Population growth and regulation
    • Factors affecting population size

  5. Week 5: Pollution and Its Effects on the Environment

    • Air, water, and soil pollution
    • Effects of pollution on human health

  6. Week 6: Conservation of Natural Resources

    • Importance and methods of conservation

  7. Week 7: Environmental Management

    • Sustainable development
    • Waste disposal and management

  8. Week 8: Biodiversity and Its Importance

    • Types of biodiversity (genetic, species, ecosystem)
    • Threats to biodiversity and conservation measures

  9. Week 9: Endangered Species and Wildlife Conservation

    • Causes of species extinction
    • Wildlife protection strategies

  10. Week 10: Revision

  11. Week 11: Examination

Third Term (WAEC/NECO/JAMB Revision)

  1. Week 1: General Revision – Cell Biology and Biochemistry

    • Structure and functions of cells
    • Organic and inorganic compounds

  2. Week 2: General Revision – Genetics and Evolution

    • Laws of inheritance
    • Mutation, variation, and natural selection

  3. Week 3: General Revision – Human and Plant Physiology

    • Transport and excretion in plants and animals
    • Nervous and hormonal coordination

  4. Week 4: General Revision – Ecology

    • Food chains, energy flow, and biogeochemical cycles

  5. Week 5: General Revision – Environmental Biology

    • Pollution, conservation, and population studies

  6. Week 6: WAEC/NECO Past Question Practice

    • Multiple-choice and theory questions

  7. Week 7: Mock Examination Preparation

  8. Week 8: Final WAEC/NECO Revision and Preparation

Conclusion

This SS3 Biology Scheme of Work ensures students master key concepts for WAEC, NECO, and JAMB. It provides a strong foundation in genetics, evolution, ecology, and environmental biology.


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