BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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Comprehensive Agricultural Science Scheme Of Work For SS1-SS3: First, Second and Third Term

Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1) Agricultural Science Scheme of Work

First Term

  1. Introduction to Agriculture – Meaning, branches, importance of agriculture.
  2. Roles of Agriculture in the Economy – Provision of food, employment, raw materials.
  3. Problems of Agricultural Development – Land tenure, funding, pests, poor infrastructure.
  4. Solutions to Agricultural Problems – Mechanization, irrigation, extension services.
  5. Agro-Allied Industries – Types, importance, examples.
  6. Agricultural Laws and Reforms – Land Use Act, land tenure systems.
  7. Classification of Crops – Cereal, legumes, vegetables, root and tubers.
  8. Forest and Forest Uses – Importance, types of forest, conservation.
  9. Agricultural Ecology – Meaning, components of ecosystem, biotic and abiotic factors.
  10. Environmental Factors Affecting Agriculture – Rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Second Term

  1. Soil and Soil Formation – Definition, types of weathering.
  2. Soil Profile and Characteristics – Soil layers, color, texture.
  3. Types of Soil – Sandy, clay, loamy: features and uses.
  4. Soil Properties – Physical and chemical properties.
  5. Soil Texture and Structure – Importance in agriculture.
  6. Soil Fertility and Management – Organic and inorganic fertilizers.
  7. Soil Erosion and Conservation – Causes, types, prevention.
  8. Irrigation and Drainage – Methods and importance.
  9. Farm Inputs – Seeds, fertilizers, agrochemicals.
  10. Agricultural Machines and Tools – Simple tools, identification, uses.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Third Term

  1. Farm Power Sources – Human, animal, mechanical.
  2. Farm Machinery – Tractor, planters, harvesters.
  3. Maintenance of Farm Machines – Lubrication, cleaning, storage.
  4. Crop Planting Patterns – Mono-cropping, intercropping, crop rotation.
  5. Land Preparation and Planting – Tools, methods, seed rate.
  6. Harvesting and Storage – Techniques, problems.
  7. Pest and Disease Control in Crops – Types, methods of control.
  8. Plant Propagation Methods – Sexual and asexual.
  9. Nursery Practices – Preparation, management, transplanting.
  10. Practical Farming Activities – Soil testing, crop planting, weeding.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Agricultural Science Scheme of Work

First Term

  1. Animal Production – Meaning, importance, types of farm animals.
  2. Livestock Classification and Characteristics – Poultry, ruminants, non-ruminants.
  3. Animal Nutrition – Classes of feed, feed formulation.
  4. Animal Digestive Systems – Ruminant vs non-ruminant.
  5. Reproduction in Farm Animals – Mating, gestation, parturition.
  6. Livestock Management Practices – Housing, feeding, health care.
  7. Common Livestock Diseases – Symptoms, prevention, control.
  8. Parasites of Livestock – Endoparasites and ectoparasites.
  9. Poultry Management – Layers, broilers, incubation.
  10. Records in Livestock Farming – Importance and types.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Second Term

  1. Fish Farming – Importance, systems of aquaculture.
  2. Fishery Tools and Equipment – Nets, ponds, feeding equipment.
  3. Methods of Fish Harvesting and Preservation – Smoking, drying, freezing.
  4. Forestry and Wildlife Conservation – Importance and challenges.
  5. Farm Animal Improvement – Breeding methods and objectives.
  6. Introduction to Agricultural Economics – Basic terms and principles.
  7. Factors of Agricultural Production – Land, labor, capital, management.
  8. Principles of Demand and Supply – Law of demand and supply, graphs.
  9. Market Structures in Agriculture – Monopoly, perfect competition.
  10. Marketing of Agricultural Produce – Channels, problems, solutions.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Third Term

  1. Cooperative Societies in Agriculture – Types, importance.
  2. Extension Education and Services – Meaning, functions, agents.
  3. Roles of Government in Agriculture – Policies, research institutes.
  4. Agricultural Development Programs – OFN, NALDA, ADPs.
  5. Agricultural Finance – Sources of capital, credit facilities.
  6. Agricultural Insurance – Importance and types.
  7. Farm Budgeting and Planning – Types of budget, importance.
  8. Record Keeping in Agriculture – Types of records.
  9. Agricultural Marketing Boards – Roles and challenges.
  10. Current Trends in Agriculture – Biotechnology, mechanization.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Senior Secondary School 3 (SS3) Agricultural Science Scheme of Work

First Term

  1. Revision of SS1–SS2 Key Topics – Crops, livestock, soil, machines.
  2. Advanced Crop Production – High-yield varieties, pest-resistant crops.
  3. Soil and Water Conservation Techniques – Terracing, cover cropping.
  4. Post-Harvest Technology – Handling, processing, storage.
  5. Agricultural Extension Techniques – ICT in extension.
  6. Farm Planning – Layout, enterprise combination.
  7. Agricultural Economics Review – Market analysis.
  8. WAEC Past Question Practice I – Objective and theory.
  9. Mock Practical Sessions – Crop and animal farm visits.
  10. Agribusiness and Entrepreneurship – Agritech, packaging, branding.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Second Term

  1. Farm Accounting – Assets, liabilities, balance sheet.
  2. Advanced Livestock Management – Intensive systems.
  3. Agricultural Mechanization – Emerging tools and trends.
  4. Government Policies in Agriculture – Impact analysis.
  5. Advanced Soil Management – Reclamation, enrichment.
  6. Agro-climatic Zones in Nigeria – Farming suitability.
  7. Case Studies in Agribusiness – Real-world applications.
  8. WAEC/NECO Practice Papers – Structured timed sessions.
  9. Current Issues in Agriculture – Food security, climate change.
  10. Mock Theory and Practical – Integrated preparation.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Third Term

  1. Integrated Farm Management – Mixed farming.
  2. Use of Technology in Modern Farming – Precision farming, drones.
  3. Packaging and Marketing Agricultural Products – Branding and export.
  4. Entrepreneurship in Agriculture – Value chains.
  5. Final WAEC/NECO Review – Focused practice.
  6. Practical Farm Assessments – Performance grading.
  7. Mock Exams (Papers 1, 2, 3) – Full simulations.
  8. Past Questions Review – Common mistakes and corrections.
  9. Final Coaching Sessions – Peer review, Q&A.
  10. Career Opportunities in Agriculture – Roles and guidance.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

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