BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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Comprehensive Mathematics Scheme Of Work For SS1-SS3: First, Second and Third Term

 Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1) Mathematics Scheme of Work

First Term

  1. Number Base System – Conversion between bases, base 10 operations, applications.
  2. Modular Arithmetic – Definitions, operations, and real-life applications.
  3. Indices – Laws of indices, simplification, solving equations.
  4. Logarithms – Introduction, laws, using log tables.
  5. Sets – Types, notation, operations, Venn diagrams.
  6. Simple Equations and Variations – Solving equations, formula transposition, direct/inverse variation.
  7. Quadratic Equations – Factoring, completing square, formula method.
  8. Logical Reasoning – Statements, connectives, truth tables.
  9. Word Problems – Applications in real-life scenarios.
  10. Basic Geometry Concepts – Angles, lines, and polygons.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Second Term

  1. Construction I – Bisecting angles and lines, angle constructions.
  2. Construction II – Constructing triangles, loci.
  3. Basic Theorems – Triangle angle sum, exterior angles.
  4. Riders – Parallel lines, angles, congruence.
  5. Trigonometric Ratios – Sine, cosine, tangent, solving triangles.
  6. Special Angles – 30°, 45°, 60° ratios, applications.
  7. Applications of Trigonometry – Heights, distances.
  8. Unit Circle & Ratios – Unit circle intro, angle functions.
  9. Graphs of Trigonometric Functions – Sine and cosine graphs.
  10. Tangent Graph – Plotting and interpreting.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Third Term

  1. Mensuration I – Arcs, sectors, perimeters.
  2. Mensuration II – Area of sectors/segments.
  3. Surface Area of Solids – Cubes, cones, prisms.
  4. Volume of Solids – Volume calculations.
  5. Frustum – Surface area and volume.
  6. Compound Shapes – Mixed solid calculations.
  7. Data Presentation – Tables, data grouping.
  8. Graphs – Bar charts, pie charts, histograms.
  9. Frequency Polygons – Construction and use.
  10. Mean, Median, Mode – Calculation and comparison.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Mathematics Scheme of Work

First Term

  1. Logarithms – Numbers <1, solving equations.
  2. Approximation & Accuracy – Rounding, significant figures, % error.
  3. Sequences & Series – APs and GPs.
  4. Quadratic Equations – From roots, graphical methods.
  5. Simultaneous Equations – Linear/quadratic.
  6. Gradients of Curves – Estimation from graphs.
  7. Word Problems in Equations – Applications in finance and motion.
  8. Graphical Solutions of Equations – Linear and non-linear.
  9. Introduction to Inequalities – Basic concepts and solving.
  10. Construction and Loci – Application and interpretation.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Second Term

  1. Logical Reasoning – Argument validity.
  2. Graph Reading – Curve gradients.
  3. Linear Inequalities – Solving and graphing.
  4. Algebraic Fractions – Simplification, operations.
  5. Chord Properties – Circle theorems.
  6. Circle Geometry – Angles, cyclic quadrilaterals.
  7. Sine Rule – Derivation, application.
  8. Cosine Rule – Derivation and application.
  9. Angles of Elevation and Depression – Real-life problems.
  10. Bearing and Distance – Calculations and uses.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Third Term

  1. Grouped Data – Mean, mode, median.
  2. Probability – Basic rules and simple events.
  3. Tree Diagrams – Representation and calculation.
  4. Venn Diagrams in Probability – Union and intersection.
  5. Further Mensuration – Real-life applications.
  6. Vectors in 2D – Representation and operations.
  7. Transformation Geometry – Translation, rotation, reflection.
  8. Coordinate Geometry – Distance and midpoint.
  9. Revision
  10. Examination
  11. Closing

Senior Secondary School 3 (SS3) Mathematics Scheme of Work

First Term

  1. Surds – Simplification, rationalization.
  2. Matrices – Operations and determinants.
  3. Determinants and Inverse of 2x2 Matrices – Solving systems.
  4. Logarithms – Advanced applications.
  5. Commercial Arithmetic – Profit, loss, commission.
  6. Linear Programming – Graphical methods.
  7. Graphical Solution of Linear Inequalities – Feasible regions.
  8. Complex Numbers – Introduction and operations.
  9. Revision
  10. Examination
  11. Closing

Second Term

  1. Trigonometric Graphs – Plotting sine, cosine, tangent.
  2. Graphical Solutions – Using graphs to solve equations.
  3. Spheres – Surface area and volume.
  4. Longitude & Latitude – Calculating distances.
  5. Coordinate Geometry – Line equations, gradients.
  6. Statistics – Mean, median, mode, standard deviation.
  7. Linear Correlation – Scatter plots and correlation coefficients.
  8. Revision
  9. Examination
  10. Closing

Third Term

  1. Differentiation – Rules, applications.
  2. Applications of Differentiation – Maxima and minima.
  3. Integration – Basics and application.
  4. Area Under Curves – Definite integrals.
  5. Arc Lengths – Integration method.
  6. Further Work on Calculus – Kinematics.
  7. General Revision
  8. Mock Examination
  9. Final WAEC/NECO Preparation
  10. Examination
  11. Closing

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