BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

Image
Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
2 comments

Chemistry lesson Note on Atomic Structure – Structure of the Atom, Subatomic Particles

Topic: Atomic Structure – Structure of the Atom, Subatomic Particles

Class: SS1

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Define an atom.
  2. Describe the structure of the atom.
  3. Identify and explain the three subatomic particles.
  4. State the properties of each subatomic particle.

Instructional Materials

  • Diagram/model of an atom (Bohr’s model)
  • Chart showing subatomic particles and their properties
  • Ball-and-stick atomic model kit (if available)
  • Whiteboard and markers

Lesson Content

Step 1: Definition of an Atom

An atom is the smallest indivisible particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction. It consists of a central nucleus and shells (or energy levels) surrounding it.

Step 2: Structure of the Atom

Atoms have two main parts:

  1. Nucleus – Located at the center of the atom, it contains protons and neutrons.
  2. Electron Shells – Surround the nucleus and contain electrons moving in orbits or energy levels.

This structure was proposed in Bohr’s atomic model.

Step 3: Subatomic Particles

There are three basic subatomic particles:

Particle Symbol Location Charge Relative Mass
Proton p⁺ Inside nucleus +1 1
Neutron n⁰ Inside nucleus 0 1
Electron e⁻ Outside nucleus (in shells) -1 1/1836

Step 4: Importance of Subatomic Particles

  • Protons determine the atomic number and identity of an element.
  • Neutrons add mass and help stabilize the nucleus.
  • Electrons are involved in chemical bonding and reactions.

Note: The number of protons = number of electrons in a neutral atom.

Evaluation

  1. What is an atom?
  2. Name the three subatomic particles.
  3. State the charge and location of each subatomic particle.
  4. What is the significance of the proton in an atom?
  5. Describe the structure of an atom using Bohr’s model.

Homework

  1. Draw and label the structure of an atom showing the nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  2. Write the full names, symbols, charges, and masses of the three subatomic particles.

Conclusion

Atoms are the building blocks of all matter. Understanding their structure and the roles of subatomic particles lays the foundation for studying chemical behavior and reactions.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CHEMISTRY LESSON NOTE FOR SS1, SS2 AND SS3 pdf

Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1) Chemistry Scheme of Work First Term Introduction to Chemistry – Definition, history, branches, and importance. Chemical Industries and Laboratory Apparatus – Common apparatus and their uses. Nature of Matter – States, properties, changes of state. Separation Techniques – Filtration, distillation, sublimation, chromatography. Atomic Structure – Structure of the atom, subatomic particles. Periodic Table – Groups, periods, and periodicity. Chemical Combination – Laws of chemical combination. Acids, Bases, and Salts – Definitions, examples, and properties. Chemical Symbols, Formulae, and Equations – Writing symbols, formulae, balancing equations. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis (Introduction) – Basic concepts. Revision Examination Closing Second Term Mole Concept and Stoichiometry – Mole, molar mass, Avogadro’s number. Percentage Composition and Empirical Formula – Calculations. Gas Laws – Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, ide...
Read more

WEEK 2: PEST AND DISEASES OF CROPS

TOPIC: Pest and disease of crops MAIN AIM: To help the learners know about pest and disease of crops SUSIDIARY AIM: By the end of the lesson, learner should be able to; Define pest. Classify pests based on the parts of crops they attack and their animal types. Explain the life cycles of some pests. Discuss methods of pest control. PERSONAL AIM: To keep strictly to time allotted to  each stage of the lesson PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The learners know about pest from experience TEACHING AIDS: Research work from the internet, pictures PROCEDURE: The teacher present the lesson with the following steps STEP ONE: PEST  A pest can be defined as any animal (or plant) which causes damage to crops or livestock thereby reducing their yields and economic values. Pests are living organisms which may bite, destroy food crops, damage property or otherwise make lives more difficult. STEP TWO: Classification of Pests Pests can be classified based on; The part of crops/plants they attack The type...
Read more

SS1 SECOND TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

SS1 SECOND TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK  TOPICS Tissue and supporting system Vertebrate skeleton  Supporting tissues in plant Nutrition in animals  Mammalian teeth  Basic ecological concepts  Population studies by sampling method  Ecological factors  Functioning ecosystem  Tropic levels  Revision  Examination 
Read more