BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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GOVERNMENT SCHEME OF WORK FOR FIRST, SECOND & THIRD TERM (SS1 – SS3)

GOVERNMENT SCHEME OF WORK FOR FIRST, SECOND & THIRD TERM (SS1 – SS3)

SS1 GOVERNMENT

First Term

Week 1: Meaning, Scope, and Importance of Government
Week 2: Basic Concepts of Government – Power, Authority, Legitimacy, Sovereignty, State, Nation, Nation-State
Week 3: Political Ideas & Thinkers – Democracy, Communism, Capitalism, Fascism, Socialism
Week 4: Systems of Government – Unitary, Federal, Confederal, Presidential, Parliamentary
Week 5: Organs of Government – Legislature, Executive, Judiciary (structure and functions)
Week 6: Separation of Powers – Meaning, Advantages, and Disadvantages
Week 7: Rule of Law – Meaning, Features, Limitations in Practice
Week 8: Citizenship – Definition, Rights, Duties, Responsibilities, Acquisition and Loss
Week 9: Political Participation – Forms, Importance, Limitations
Week 10: Political Parties – Origin, Functions, Characteristics, Party Systems

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Second Term

Week 1: Pressure Groups and Public Opinion – Meaning, Types, Functions, Influences
Week 2: Elections and Electoral Systems – Types, Merits, Demerits
Week 3: Electoral Commission – Roles, Problems, Independence
Week 4: Franchise/Suffrage – Meaning, Types, Conditions, Importance
Week 5: Colonial Administration in Nigeria – Features of Indirect Rule, Merits, Demerits
Week 6: Nationalism in Nigeria – Causes, Major Nationalists, Impact
Week 7: Constitutional Development in Nigeria (Pre-independence) – Clifford, Richards, Macpherson, Lyttleton Constitutions
Week 8: Independence Constitution of 1960
Week 9: Republican Constitution of 1963
Week 10: 1979 Constitution – Features, Merits, Demerits

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Third Term

Week 1: 1989 Constitution and 1999 Constitution – Features, Significance
Week 2: Military Rule in Nigeria – Characteristics, Reasons for Military Intervention
Week 3: Achievements and Failures of Military Rule
Week 4: Federalism in Nigeria – Meaning, Features, Problems, Solutions
Week 5: Intergovernmental Relations in Nigeria – Federal, State, Local Governments
Week 6: Public Corporations – Meaning, Functions, Problems, Control
Week 7: Civil Service in Nigeria – Structure, Functions, Problems, Reforms
Week 8: Local Government Administration in Nigeria – Evolution, Structure, Functions
Week 9: Traditional Political Institutions – Yoruba, Hausa/Fulani, Igbo Pre-colonial Systems
Week 10: Comparisons of Pre-colonial Political Systems

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

SS2 GOVERNMENT

First Term

Week 1: Political Culture – Meaning, Types, Features
Week 2: Political Socialization – Meaning, Agents, Importance
Week 3: Political Ideologies – Conservatism, Liberalism, Welfarism
Week 4: Constitution – Meaning, Types, Merits, Demerits
Week 5: Law-Making Processes in Nigeria
Week 6: Party Politics in Nigeria – First, Second, Third, Fourth Republics
Week 7: Electoral Malpractices in Nigeria – Forms, Causes, Solutions
Week 8: Corruption in Nigeria – Causes, Effects, Control
Week 9: Public Opinion in Nigeria – Influence on Governance
Week 10: Civil Society Organizations – Roles, Contributions to Democracy

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Second Term

Week 1: The Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) – Causes, Effects, Lessons
Week 2: Federalism in Nigeria – Challenges, Solutions
Week 3: Revenue Allocation in Nigeria – Principles and Commissions
Week 4: Problems of Nation-Building in Nigeria – Tribalism, Nepotism, Ethnic Rivalry
Week 5: Constitutional Development in Nigeria – 1999 Constitution
Week 6: Human Rights – Meaning, Types, Limitations
Week 7: Protection of Human Rights in Nigeria – Agencies and Institutions
Week 8: The Judiciary in Nigeria – Independence, Functions, Challenges
Week 9: The Executive in Nigeria – Powers, Functions, Control
Week 10: The Legislature in Nigeria – Structure, Functions, Challenges

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Third Term

Week 1: Political Parties in West Africa – Origin, Problems
Week 2: Electoral Systems in West Africa – Types, Merits, Demerits
Week 3: Problems of Electoral Systems in West Africa
Week 4: Public Corporations in West Africa – Functions, Problems
Week 5: Civil Service in West Africa – Structure, Roles
Week 6: Military Rule in West Africa – Causes, Effects, Control
Week 7: International Organizations – UN, AU, ECOWAS (Structure, Roles, Problems)
Week 8: Nigeria’s Foreign Policy – Objectives, Principles, Implementation
Week 9: Nigeria and International Organizations – Contributions to UN, AU, ECOWAS, OPEC, Commonwealth
Week 10: Nigeria’s Relations with African States – Ghana, South Africa, etc.

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

SS3 GOVERNMENT

First Term

Week 1: Democracy – Meaning, Features, Conditions for Stability
Week 2: Problems of Democracy in Nigeria – Corruption, Ethnicity, Electoral Malpractice
Week 3: Democratic Institutions in Nigeria – INEC, Judiciary, Police, Media
Week 4: Political Apathy – Causes, Effects, Solutions
Week 5: Political Violence in Nigeria – Causes, Effects, Remedies
Week 6: Electoral Reforms in Nigeria – Agencies, Recommendations
Week 7: Pressure Groups in Nigeria – Types, Roles, Limitations
Week 8: The Rule of Law in Practice in Nigeria
Week 9: Human Rights in Practice in Nigeria
Week 10: Current Political Issues in Nigeria – Restructuring, Security, Electoral Reforms

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Second Term

Week 1: Colonial Administration in West Africa – Direct and Indirect Rule
Week 2: Nationalism in West Africa – Causes, Impact
Week 3: Constitutional Developments in Ghana, Sierra Leone, Gambia
Week 4: Military Rule in West Africa – Features, Reasons
Week 5: Democratization in West Africa – Challenges and Prospects
Week 6: Problems of Nation-Building in West Africa – Ethnicity, Corruption
Week 7: Regional Organizations in West Africa – ECOWAS, Mano River Union
Week 8: Africa Union (AU) – Aims, Achievements, Challenges
Week 9: UN and World Peace – Roles, Successes, Failures
Week 10: Nigeria’s Role in African Peacekeeping Missions

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Third Term

Week 1: The Cold War – Causes, Features, Effects on Africa
Week 2: Globalization – Meaning, Effects on Governance in Nigeria
Week 3: Human Rights Issues in Africa – Problems, Remedies
Week 4: Neo-Colonialism in Africa – Meaning, Features, Effects
Week 5: Dependency and Development in Africa
Week 6: Challenges of Political Development in Nigeria – Corruption, Weak Institutions
Week 7: Leadership Crisis in Nigeria – Causes, Effects, Solutions
Week 8: Nigeria’s Role in Global Organizations – UN, WTO, OPEC
Week 9: Contemporary Political Issues in Nigeria – Security, Electoral Reform, Resource Control
Week 10: General Revision of Key Topics for WAEC/NECO

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing


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