BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION (PHE) FOR FIRST, SECOND & THIRD (JSS1–JSS3)

 


PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION (PHE) FOR FIRST, SECOND & THIRD (JSS1–JSS3)

JSS1 PHE

First Term

Week 1: Introduction to Physical and Health Education – Meaning, Scope, Importance
Week 2: Basic Human Anatomy – The Human Body and Its Parts
Week 3: Physical Fitness – Meaning, Components, Benefits
Week 4: Posture and Postural Defects – Meaning, Types, Corrections
Week 5: First Aid – Meaning, Objectives, First Aid Box
Week 6: Athletics – Short Distance Races (100m, 200m)
Week 7: Athletics – Long Distance Races (400m, 800m, 1500m)
Week 8: Ball Games – Football (Skills, Rules, Officials)
Week 9: Ball Games – Volleyball (Skills, Rules, Officials)
Week 10: Health Education – Personal Hygiene (Bathing, Oral Care, Clothing)

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Second Term

Week 1: Environmental Health – Meaning, Sanitation, Water, Refuse Disposal
Week 2: Communicable Diseases – Causes, Transmission, Examples (Malaria, Cholera, Measles)
Week 3: Non-Communicable Diseases – Causes, Examples (Diabetes, Hypertension, Asthma)
Week 4: Drug Education – Meaning of Drugs, Use, Misuse and Abuse
Week 5: Gymnastics – Floor Activities (Forward Roll, Backward Roll, Headstand)
Week 6: Swimming – Safety Rules, Basic Skills (theory-based where facilities unavailable)
Week 7: Traditional Games in Nigeria – Types, Importance
Week 8: Athletics – Long Jump, High Jump (Rules, Techniques)
Week 9: Ball Games – Handball (Rules, Skills, Officials)
Week 10: Dance and Rhythmic Activities – Traditional and Modern Dances

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Third Term

Week 1: School Health Programme – Components (Health Instruction, Services, Environment)
Week 2: Nutrition – Meaning, Classes of Food, Balanced Diet
Week 3: Food Nutrients and Their Functions
Week 4: HIV/AIDS – Causes, Symptoms, Prevention
Week 5: Accidents and Safety Education – Types of Accidents, Prevention
Week 6: Road Safety – Road Signs, Traffic Rules, Safety Measures
Week 7: Athletics – Javelin, Discus, Shot Put (Rules, Techniques)
Week 8: Games – Basketball (Rules, Skills, Officials)
Week 9: Games – Table Tennis (Rules, Skills, Officials)
Week 10: General Physical Fitness Activities and Tests

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

JSS2 PHE

First Term

Week 1: Recreation and Leisure – Meaning, Types, Importance
Week 2: Physical Fitness Exercises – Strength, Endurance, Flexibility
Week 3: Posture and Postural Defects – Causes, Corrections
Week 4: Circulatory System – Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels
Week 5: Respiratory System – Organs, Functions, Care
Week 6: Athletics – Relay Races (4x100m, 4x400m) – Baton Exchange
Week 7: Athletics – Hurdles (Rules, Skills)
Week 8: Games – Football (Advanced Skills and Rules)
Week 9: Games – Volleyball (Advanced Skills and Rules)
Week 10: Health Education – Personal and Community Hygiene

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Second Term

Week 1: Digestive System – Organs, Functions, Disorders
Week 2: Nutrition and Health – Balanced Diet, Deficiency Diseases
Week 3: Family Life Education – Puberty, Reproductive Health
Week 4: Communicable Diseases – Typhoid, Polio, Hepatitis
Week 5: Immunization – Importance, Types of Vaccines
Week 6: Athletics – High Jump, Pole Vault
Week 7: Athletics – Long Distance Races (Revisited with Techniques)
Week 8: Games – Handball (Advanced Skills and Rules)
Week 9: Games – Basketball (Skills, Rules, Officials)
Week 10: Traditional Games and Cultural Dances

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Third Term

Week 1: Drug Education – Narcotics, Alcohol, Tobacco, Effects on Health
Week 2: Sports Injuries – Types, Causes, Management
Week 3: First Aid in Sports Injuries – Practical Applications
Week 4: HIV/AIDS and Other STIs – Causes, Prevention
Week 5: Safety Education – Home Safety, School Safety, Road Safety
Week 6: Community Health Problems – Refuse, Drainage, Water Pollution
Week 7: Athletics – Triple Jump, Discus
Week 8: Games – Table Tennis Advanced Skills
Week 9: Games – Badminton (Rules, Skills, Officials)
Week 10: General Physical Fitness Tests

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

JSS3 PHE

First Term

Week 1: Physical Fitness – Tests, Measurements, Benefits
Week 2: Human Anatomy – Skeletal and Muscular System
Week 3: Circulatory System (Advanced Study)
Week 4: Respiratory System (Advanced Study)
Week 5: Digestive System (Advanced Study)
Week 6: Athletics – Middle Distance Races (800m, 1500m)
Week 7: Athletics – Long Jump and High Jump (Advanced Techniques)
Week 8: Games – Football (Tactics and Officiating)
Week 9: Games – Volleyball (Tactics and Officiating)
Week 10: Health Education – Personal Hygiene, Nutrition

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Second Term

Week 1: Recreation, Leisure and Dance – Lifelong Fitness
Week 2: Gymnastics – Floor and Apparatus Work
Week 3: Swimming – Safety Rules, Strokes (theory if no facilities)
Week 4: Drug Abuse – Effects on Family and Society
Week 5: Communicable Diseases – Advanced Study (Cholera, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS)
Week 6: Athletics – Javelin, Discus, Shot Put (Advanced Techniques)
Week 7: Athletics – Relay and Hurdles (Advanced Skills)
Week 8: Games – Handball (Advanced Tactics and Officiating)
Week 9: Games – Basketball (Advanced Tactics and Officiating)
Week 10: Table Tennis and Badminton (Advanced Rules, Skills)

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing

Third Term

Week 1: Safety Education – Fire Safety, First Aid in Emergencies
Week 2: Sports Administration – Roles of Coaches, Officials, Referees
Week 3: Nigerian Sports Organizations – NSSF, Ministry of Youth and Sports
Week 4: International Sports Competitions – Olympics, FIFA World Cup, Commonwealth Games
Week 5: Nigerian Sports Heroes and Heroines – Chioma Ajunwa, Mary Onyali, Kanu Nwankwo, etc.
Week 6: Contemporary Health Issues – Teenage Pregnancy, Drug Abuse, Peer Pressure
Week 7: Road Safety – FRSC Roles, Traffic Rules, Road Signs
Week 8: Revision of Games, Athletics, and Health Topics
Week 9: Preparation for BECE – Practice Questions and Topics Review
Week 10: Mock Tests and Exercises

Week 11: Revision
Week 12: Examination
Week 13: Closing


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