BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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SCHEME OF WORK FOR HOME ECONOMICS FOR FIRST, SECOND & THIRD TERM (JSS1–3)

SCHEME OF WORK FOR HOME ECONOMICS FOR FIRST, SECOND & THIRD TERM (JSS 1–3)

(Based on the Nigerian Curriculum)

JSS 1 HOME ECONOMICS

First Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Introduction to Home Economics – Meaning, scope, importance
  • Week 2: Areas of Home Economics – Food & Nutrition, Clothing & Textile, Home Management
  • Week 3: Career Opportunities in Home Economics
  • Week 4: Personal and Family Needs – Meaning, wants vs. needs
  • Week 5: Decision Making – Steps and importance in the home
  • Week 6: Family Living – Types of family, roles, and responsibilities
  • Week 7: Relationships in the Family – Cooperation, respect, discipline
  • Week 8: Growth and Development – Stages of human development
  • Week 9: Adolescence – Characteristics and changes during puberty
  • Week 10: Personal Hygiene – Importance, practices for boys and girls
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Second Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Food and Nutrition – Definition, importance of food
  • Week 2: Classes of Food – Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
  • Week 3: Functions of Food – Energy, growth, repair, protection
  • Week 4: Meal Planning – Meaning, factors to consider, balanced diet
  • Week 5: Food Preservation – Methods (drying, smoking, refrigeration, salting)
  • Week 6: Kitchen Equipment and Utensils – Types, care, and uses
  • Week 7: Cooking Methods – Boiling, frying, baking, steaming, roasting
  • Week 8: Simple Meal Preparation – Snacks, simple dishes
  • Week 9: Food Hygiene – Importance, safe food handling
  • Week 10: First Aid in the Home – Meaning, importance, first aid box
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Third Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Clothing and Textiles – Meaning, importance
  • Week 2: Fibres and Fabrics – Natural and synthetic fibres
  • Week 3: Sewing Tools and Equipment – Identification, uses, and care
  • Week 4: Basic Sewing Processes – Seams, stitches, hems
  • Week 5: Simple Garment Construction – Making simple household articles (napkin, apron, pillowcase)
  • Week 6: Laundry Work – Processes, equipment, ironing
  • Week 7: Home Management – Meaning, scope, importance
  • Week 8: Resources Management – Time, energy, money management
  • Week 9: House Care – Cleaning methods, tools, waste disposal
  • Week 10: Household Accidents and Safety Measures
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

JSS 2 HOME ECONOMICS

First Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Revision of JSS1 Work
  • Week 2: Family Living – Courtship, marriage, family values
  • Week 3: Roles of Family Members – Husband, wife, children
  • Week 4: Sex Education – Meaning, importance, myths and facts
  • Week 5: Nutrition – Nutritional needs of different age groups
  • Week 6: Malnutrition – Causes, types (kwashiorkor, marasmus), prevention
  • Week 7: Food Preparation – Principles and practical exercises
  • Week 8: Consumer Education – Meaning, importance, rights and responsibilities
  • Week 9: Wise Buying – Factors to consider, buying habits
  • Week 10: Household Budgeting – Meaning, importance, preparation of simple budgets
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Second Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Clothing and Textiles – Review and importance
  • Week 2: Fabric Construction – Weaving, knitting, crocheting
  • Week 3: Basic Sewing Stitches – Running, backstitch, hemming, overcasting
  • Week 4: Simple Garment Repairs – Buttons, zips, patches
  • Week 5: Laundry Processes – Sorting, washing, drying, ironing, storing
  • Week 6: Stains and Stain Removal – Types, methods
  • Week 7: House Cleaning Agents – Water, soap, detergents, abrasives
  • Week 8: Waste Management – Proper disposal, recycling
  • Week 9: Consumer Protection Agencies – Roles and examples in Nigeria
  • Week 10: Entrepreneurship in Home Economics – Catering, fashion design, interior décor
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Third Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Food Spoilage – Causes, effects, prevention
  • Week 2: Food Storage – Methods and importance
  • Week 3: Meal Service – Table setting, manners, service styles
  • Week 4: Foodborne Diseases – Cholera, dysentery, prevention
  • Week 5: First Aid in Food Handling – Safety in the kitchen
  • Week 6: House Management – Housing needs, types of houses
  • Week 7: Interior Decoration – Meaning, importance, colour combination
  • Week 8: Family Resource Management – Saving, investment, money management
  • Week 9: Child Development – Stages and care of children
  • Week 10: Child Care Services – Daycare, babysitting, crèche
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

JSS 3 HOME ECONOMICS

First Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Revision of JSS2 Work
  • Week 2: Family Health – Personal, community, and environmental health
  • Week 3: Nutrition and Health – Balanced diet and diseases related to diet
  • Week 4: Food Preparation for Special Groups – Infants, pregnant women, elderly
  • Week 5: Child Development – Emotional, social, and cognitive development
  • Week 6: Parenting – Roles, responsibilities, child upbringing
  • Week 7: Household Hygiene – Sanitation, waste disposal
  • Week 8: Consumer Education – Modern trends in consumerism
  • Week 9: Entrepreneurship in Home Economics – Catering, textile, interior decoration
  • Week 10: Vocational Skills in Home Economics – Career paths
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Second Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Clothing and Culture – Traditional and modern dressing
  • Week 2: Fashion and Design – Importance, trends, careers
  • Week 3: Sewing Techniques – Simple garments and finishing
  • Week 4: Home Management – Housing, furnishing, maintenance
  • Week 5: Energy Management – Use and conservation
  • Week 6: Money Management – Saving, banking, investment
  • Week 7: Entrepreneurship Skills – Catering and small-scale businesses
  • Week 8: Consumer Rights – Protection and agencies in Nigeria
  • Week 9: Food Business – Catering, restaurants, bakery
  • Week 10: Clothing Business – Tailoring, fashion design, laundry services
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Third Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Home Economics and National Development – Contributions to the economy
  • Week 2: Food Security – Meaning, challenges in Nigeria
  • Week 3: Small-Scale Businesses in Home Economics – Feasibility studies
  • Week 4: Business Plan Preparation – Components and importance
  • Week 5: Entrepreneurship in Food and Textile – Opportunities and challenges
  • Week 6: Vocational Careers in Home Economics – Catering, fashion, interior design
  • Week 7: Safety in the Home – Fire prevention, first aid
  • Week 8: Environmental Sanitation – Role of individuals and government
  • Week 9: Preparation for BECE – Past questions and practice
  • Week 10: Comprehensive Revision (JSS1–3 topics)
  • Week 11: Final Revision
  • Week 12: BECE Examination
  • Week 13: Closing


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