BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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SCHEME OF WORK FOR BUSINESS STUDIES FOR FIRST, SECOND & THIRD TERM (JSS 1 – 3)

SCHEME OF WORK FOR BUSINESS STUDIES FOR FIRST, SECOND & THIRD TERM (JSS1 – 3)

JSS 1 BUSINESS STUDIES

First Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Introduction to Business Studies – Meaning, scope, importance
  • Week 2: The Office – Meaning, functions, types
  • Week 3: Office Staff – Duties of junior and senior staff
  • Week 4: Tools and Equipment of the Office – Traditional and modern
  • Week 5: Right Attitude to Work – Punctuality, honesty, commitment
  • Week 6: Introduction to Commerce – Meaning, importance, branches
  • Week 7: Production – Meaning, types, and importance
  • Week 8: Distribution – Meaning, channels, and importance
  • Week 9: Occupations – Types (industrial, commercial, service)
  • Week 10: Consumer – Meaning, rights, and responsibilities
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Second Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Trade – Meaning, types of trade
  • Week 2: Home Trade – Retail and wholesale trade
  • Week 3: Foreign Trade – Import, export, advantages, disadvantages
  • Week 4: Aids to Trade – Banking, communication, insurance, transport, advertising, warehousing
  • Week 5: Communication – Types, importance in business
  • Week 6: Transportation – Types, advantages, disadvantages
  • Week 7: Advertising – Meaning, types, media, importance
  • Week 8: Insurance – Meaning, types, importance
  • Week 9: Banking – Functions, types of accounts
  • Week 10: Warehousing – Meaning, types, importance
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Third Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Bookkeeping – Meaning, importance, basic terms
  • Week 2: Source Documents – Invoices, receipts, debit and credit notes
  • Week 3: Cash Book – Meaning, types, simple entries
  • Week 4: Day Book – Meaning and uses
  • Week 5: Petty Cash Book – Meaning, uses, imprest system
  • Week 6: Journals – General journal, purpose, simple entries
  • Week 7: Introduction to Keyboarding – Importance, techniques
  • Week 8: Computer in Business – Uses, advantages
  • Week 9: Entrepreneurship – Meaning, importance, qualities of entrepreneur
  • Week 10: Business Opportunities – Identification, risks, and benefits
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

JSS 2 BUSINESS STUDIES

First Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Revision of JSS 1 Work
  • Week 2: Capital – Meaning, sources, importance
  • Week 3: Forms of Business Organisation – Sole proprietorship
  • Week 4: Partnership – Features, advantages, disadvantages
  • Week 5: Limited Liability Companies – Private and public
  • Week 6: Cooperative Societies – Types, importance
  • Week 7: Public Enterprises – Meaning, merits, demerits
  • Week 8: Business Mergers – Meaning, types, advantages, disadvantages
  • Week 9: Trade Associations and Chambers of Commerce – Roles in business
  • Week 10: Introduction to Business Law – Contracts, agreements
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Second Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Introduction to Accounting – Definition, purpose, users
  • Week 2: Double Entry Bookkeeping – Principles, rules of debit and credit
  • Week 3: Ledger Accounts – Opening and posting transactions
  • Week 4: Balancing of Ledger Accounts
  • Week 5: Trial Balance – Meaning, preparation
  • Week 6: Cash Book – Double column, contra entries
  • Week 7: Purchases and Sales Day Books
  • Week 8: Returns Inward and Returns Outward Books
  • Week 9: Petty Cash Book (with analysis columns)
  • Week 10: Entrepreneurship Development – Skills and training
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Third Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Office Correspondence – Meaning, types, importance
  • Week 2: Filing Systems – Meaning, types, importance
  • Week 3: Office Equipment – Traditional and modern
  • Week 4: Business Communication – Oral, written, non-verbal
  • Week 5: Report Writing – Types, features, uses
  • Week 6: Business Letter – Features, types, examples
  • Week 7: Memorandum – Format and uses
  • Week 8: Keyboarding/Typing Practice – Home keys, finger placement
  • Week 9: Computer in Business – Word processing, spreadsheets, internet use
  • Week 10: Internet and E-Business – Online trade, importance, risks
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

JSS 3 BUSINESS STUDIES

First Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Revision of JSS 2 Work
  • Week 2: Consumer Education – Rights, responsibilities, protection
  • Week 3: Marketing – Meaning, functions, importance
  • Week 4: Market Research – Meaning, methods, importance
  • Week 5: Business Environment – Internal and external factors
  • Week 6: Business Finance – Meaning, short- and long-term sources
  • Week 7: Money – History, characteristics, functions
  • Week 8: The Stock Exchange – Meaning, functions, importance
  • Week 9: Foreign Exchange – Meaning, importance in trade
  • Week 10: Introduction to Business Plan – Meaning, components
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Second Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Accounting Records – Books of original entry
  • Week 2: Trading, Profit and Loss Account – Format, preparation
  • Week 3: Balance Sheet – Meaning, items, preparation
  • Week 4: Final Accounts – Simple exercises
  • Week 5: Introduction to Payroll – Wages, salaries, deductions
  • Week 6: Business Mathematics – Percentages, simple interest, profit and loss
  • Week 7: Stocktaking – Meaning, importance, methods
  • Week 8: Depreciation – Meaning, methods, simple calculations
  • Week 9: Introduction to Business Law – Simple contracts, agreements
  • Week 10: Revision of Bookkeeping and Accounts
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

Third Term (13 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Entrepreneurship Development – Characteristics of entrepreneurs
  • Week 2: Setting up a Small Business – Steps and requirements
  • Week 3: Business Plan Development – Detailed structure
  • Week 4: Feasibility Studies – Meaning, importance
  • Week 5: Risks in Business – Types, management
  • Week 6: Business Opportunities – Identification in Nigeria
  • Week 7: Introduction to ICT in Business – E-commerce, e-banking
  • Week 8: Practical Business Studies – Simulation, mini business projects
  • Week 9: Career Opportunities in Business – Jobs in business field
  • Week 10: Preparation for BECE – Past questions practice
  • Week 11: Revision
  • Week 12: BECE Examination
  • Week 13: Closing

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