BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON CROP PROPAGATION

Image
Topic: Crop Propagation Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Subject: Biology Specific Objectives By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Define crop propagation. Differentiate between sexual and asexual propagation. Identify and explain various methods of crop propagation. Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Recognize common examples of crops propagated using each method. Lesson Content 1. Meaning of Crop Propagation Crop propagation refers to the process by which plants reproduce or are reproduced to give rise to new plants. This can occur naturally or be carried out artificially by farmers or agricultural scientists. It is a vital practice in agriculture that ensures the continuous production of food and other plant-based resources. 2. Types of Crop Propagation Crop propagation is broadly categorized into two main types: Sexual Propagation (Seed Propagation) Asexual Propagation (Vegetative Propagation) 3. Sexual Propa...
Post a Comment

BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON GROWTH

TOPIC: Growth 

TIME: 40minutes 

MAIN AIM: To help the learner understand the concept of growth 

SUBSIDIARY AIM: By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

  1. Define growth 
  2. State the basic of growth 
  3. State the types of cell division 
  4. State the Importance of mitosis 
  5. List the stages of mitosis 
  6. State the factors affecting growth  

 PERSONAL AIM: To keep strictly to time allotted to each stage of the lesson.

TEACHING AIDS: Real object

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The students have learnt the concept of excretion in their previous lessons.

PROCEDURE: The teacher presents the lesson with the following steps.

INTRODUCTION: illustrates growth using one of the learners.

STEP 1: Definition of Growth

Growth is an irreversible increase in size and complexity of an organism brought about by the synthesis of new protoplasm.

Growth in plants is indefinite and apical while growth in animals is definite and uniform in all parts of the body.

STEP 2: BASIS OF GROWTH

Cell division 

Cell enlargement

Cell differentiation.

STEP 3: TYPES OF CELL DIVISION

MITOSIS: Is the division of a somatic cell (body cell) into two daughter cells, whereby each daughter cell has exactly the same chromosome content as the parent. Mitosis takes place during organism s growth, development and asexual reproduction. In plants, mitosis occurs in the terminal bud of the shoot at the tip of the roots and shoots. In annual growth, mitosis produces diploid cells.

STEP 4: IMPORTANCE OF MITOSIS

  1. Growth and development is brought about by mitosis
  2. Repair of cells are possible by mitosis.
  3. Mitosis ensures that exact copy of DNA or genes are transmitted to the daughter cell.
  4. Mitosis is the basis for asexual reproduction e.g. binary fission.

STEP 5: STAGES OF MITOSIS

There are five phases of mitosis

INTERPHASE: Is the resting stage of the cell: The cell appears normal

PROPHASE: Each chromosome shortens and thickens, and is seen to consist of this chromate, the centrioles began to separate. 

METAPHASE: The nuclear membrane disappears, spindle forms, the chromosome move up across the middle of the cell and become attached to the spindle fibres at their centromeres. 

ANAPHASE: The sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends (poles) of the cell as the spindle fibres contract. 

TELOPHASE: A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatids, and the cell-divides into two daughter cells.

REGIONS OF FASTEST GROWTH

The regions of fastest growth in plants are the root and stem apices. The root and stem apices of a plant can be divided in the region of cell division, followed by the region of cell elongation and the region of cell maturation.

STEP 6: FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH

These factors are grouped into two: 

1. External factors e.g. availability of nutrients, humidity, light, temperature, Phe .t.c. 

2. Internal factor e.g. hormones. Hormones are chemical substances secreted by ductless glands and conveyed in the blood to the area where they carry out their functions. Plant hormones which affect the growth of plants are auxins, Gibberellins. Auxins promote or inhibit cell elongation in stems and roots. Gibberellin promotes cell elongation and brings about growth in stem. In animals, the hormones mainly concerned with growth are secreted by the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and the gonads.

Evaluation

  1. Define growth 
  2. State the basic of growth 
  3. State the types of cell division 
  4. State the Importance of mitosis 
  5. List the stages of mitosis 
  6. State the factors affecting growth  

Multiple choice questions.

1. Plant hormones which affect the growth of plants are 

Auxins and Gibberellins

phloem 

cambium

xylem 

2. stages of mitosis include all except 

Interphase 

Anaphase 

Metaphase

Development 

Conclusion: Growth is an irreversible increase in size and complexity of an organism brought about by the synthesis of new protoplasm.

Assessment plan. The teacher uses the following to assess the learners 

Class work

Define growth 

Home work

Write short note on external and internal factors that affect growth 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CHEMISTRY LESSON NOTE FOR SS1, SS2 AND SS3 pdf

SCHEME OF WORK  SS1 first term Practical introduction to chemistry Chemical industry Definition of chemistry Particulate nature of matter Molecular concept Dalton’s Atomic theory Isotope and isotopy Symbols and formulae Mole concept Empirical and molecular formulae Laws of chemical combination SS1 second term  Electronic configuration Chemical combination States of matter Kinetic theory Gaseous state and gas laws Separation techniques Acids, Bases and salts Indicators and pH Hygroscopic, efflorescent and Deliquescent salts SS1 third term Water and Solutions Hardness of water Solubility Periodic table SS 2 first term Energy concept Exothermic and Endothermic reaction Energy profile diagram Rate of reaction Chemical equilibrium Hydrogen compounds Oxygen compounds Oxidation and Reduction Oxidizing and reducing agent SS 2 second term Electrolysis Selective discharge of ions Electrolytic cell Qualitative and quantitative Analysis Water treatment SS 2 third term Carbon and in...
Read more

SS1 SECOND TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

SS1 SECOND TERM BIOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK  TOPICS Tissue and supporting system Vertebrate skeleton  Supporting tissues in plant Nutrition in animals  Mammalian teeth  Basic ecological concepts  Population studies by sampling method  Ecological factors  Functioning ecosystem  Tropic levels  Revision  Examination 
Read more

BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Image
Topic: Transport    System Instructional   Materials:  Models , specimen, pictures Aim of the Lesson: To help the learner understand the transport system Anticipated Problems: Because of advancement in class, most themes might be new to the learner and might result to difficulty in understanding. Possible Solution: The teacher explains the concept in details using illustrations and real objects. Content Objectives : By the of the lesson, learner should be able to; Define   of transport system State the need for transport system Explain transport system in lower organism List the materials for transport Explain the media for transportation of materials Explain the mechanism of transportation in some organism and Unicellular organism and Simple multicellular organism Explain transport system in man  Time Table fit/ previous knowledge: The learners learnt about the digestive system in their previous class. Set...
Read more