BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON CROP PROPAGATION

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Topic: Crop Propagation Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Subject: Biology Specific Objectives By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Define crop propagation. Differentiate between sexual and asexual propagation. Identify and explain various methods of crop propagation. Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Recognize common examples of crops propagated using each method. Lesson Content 1. Meaning of Crop Propagation Crop propagation refers to the process by which plants reproduce or are reproduced to give rise to new plants. This can occur naturally or be carried out artificially by farmers or agricultural scientists. It is a vital practice in agriculture that ensures the continuous production of food and other plant-based resources. 2. Types of Crop Propagation Crop propagation is broadly categorized into two main types: Sexual Propagation (Seed Propagation) Asexual Propagation (Vegetative Propagation) 3. Sexual Propa...
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WEEK I: TISSUES AND SUPPORTING SYSTEM

 TOPIC: Tissue and supporting system

TIME: 40 minutes 

MAIN AIM: To help the learners understand tissues and supporting system in the body

SUSIDIARY AIM: By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to;

  1. Define skeleton
  2. List and describe the forms of skeletons
  3. List and describe the types of skeleton 
  4. State the functions of supporting tissues

PERSONAL AIM: To keep strictly to time allotted to  each stage of the lesson

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The learners know about skeleton from their previous lessons.

TEACHING AIDS: Research work from the internet, pictures and a model of human skeleton. 

PROCEDURE: The teacher present the lesson with the following steps 

STEP ONE: DEFINITION OF SKELETON

Skeleton is the rigid supporting system (the frame work) of the body of a living organism which gives support and shape to the body.


STEP TWO: FORMS OF SKELETON

Bones:  bones consist of a living bone cell called osteocytes, protein fibers called collagen and minerals which are mainly of calcium.

Cuticle: Cuticle is an exoskeleton which is located externally on the body of animals. It  is composed of protein called chitin  and a thin waterproof layer of wax.  examples of organisms with this kind of body structure are mainly arthropods , examples insects, crab, scorpion, prawn, and crayfish.

Fluid: This type of skeleton is mainly found in earthworm

Carapace:  carapace is found in snails e.g. shell 

Cartilages: A cartilage is a tissue found in the skeleton of complex vertebrate. Examples of organism which possesses cartilage are shark, mammals  

STEP THREE: TYPES OF SKELETONS

Hydrostatic skeleton: is a type of skeleton possessed by soft bodied animals. it is made of fluid e.g. earthworm 

Exoskeleton:  is a type of skeleton which is found outside or external part of the body of some animals   e.g. chitin found in cockroach 

Endoskeleton: is the type of skeleton which is found inside the body of the animals e.g. Bones found in man

STEP FOUR: Functions of supporting tissues

1.Protection e.g. organ such as Brain, Lungs, Heart e.t.c  

2. Movement: Making movement possible

 3. Support: Mechanical support for the organs 

4. Attachment: Muscles are attached to the bones 

5. Shape: It gives shape and form to the body 

6. Production of red blood cell in bone marrows 

7. Breathing: Aids breathing in higher organisms 

8. Mineral storage such as calcium and phosphorous are stored in the bones

EVALUATION: 

Define skeleton

List the forms of skeletons

List the types of skeleton 

State the functions of supporting tissues

CONCLUSION: The teacher concludes the lesson by summarizing the topic from the beginning and give assignment to the learner.

ASSIGNMENT: 

Class work

Define skeleton

Name the forms of skeleton 

Home work

Draw the human skeleton in your note





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