BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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WEEK 3: SUPPORTING TISSUES IN PLANTS

Topic: Supporting Tissues in Plant
Class: SS1
Age: 14+
Sex: Mixed
Instructional Materials. Textbook, specimen, pictures, 

Aim of the Lesson: To help the learner understand the various Supporting Tissues in plant.
Anticipated Problems: Because of advancement in class, most themes might be new to the learner and might result to difficulty in understand.
Possible Solution: The teacher explains the concept in details using illustrations and real objects.
Content Objectives: By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to;

  1. List the Types of supporting tissues in plants
  2. State the Functions of the supporting tissues in plant

Time Table fit/ previous knowledge: The learners know about skeleton from their previous lessons 
Set Induction: The teacher asks the student to observe the object on the table.
Differentiation Method/Multiple Intelligence: The teacher uses different teaching technique such as discussion, role playing, questioning and use of picture, specimen to ensure all the learner benefit from the lesson.

SUPPORTING TISSUES IN PLANT

There are different types of supporting tissues in plant. They are

  1. Parenchyma
  2. Collenchyma
  3. Sclerenchyma
  4. Xylem 



Parenchyma 

It is made up of living unspecialized plant cell that are rough spherical in shape. Parenchyma tissues are founds in the cortex of stem, phloem. Root, leaf mesophyll, storage tissue and xylem 

Functions

  1. It gives firmness and rigidity to the stem of herbaceous plant
  2. It can store food and water
  3. They are present in the leaf mesophyll to partake in the synthesis of food.

Collenchyma

Collenchyma are found in the primary tissue of plants. The cell of collenchyma are living elongated and unevenly thickened at the corner. The cell are flexible and this allow the bending and twisting strain to which the stem , root and leaves  of plant are often subjected. The collenchyma tissue are location in the cortex of stem and in the hypo dermis just beneath epidermis.

Function

  1. 1.They provide strength and support in young drawing plant part such as  stem, petiole and leaf
  2. They give flexibility and resilience to the plant i.e enable the plant to bend without breakin
  3. Sclerenchyma

Sclerenchyma Tissue   is composed of two type of cell namely sclerenchyma fiber and sclerenchyma sclereid. Both of them consist of deal cell in which the cell wall are heavily thickened with deposit of lignin. ( A lignin is a substance that provide mechanical strength). The cells of the fiber are narrow polygonal, elongated with tapering end.
Functions

  1. They provide mechanical strength
  2. They give flexibility to plant and prevent them from breaking easily
  3. They provide strength, rigidity, hardness and support to plants

Xylem Tissue

 Xylem tissue are found in the vascular bundle especially the plant that undergo secondary growth. There are four types of xylem tissues namely:

  1. Xylem tracheid
  2. Xylem vessel
  3. Xylem fiber
  4. Xylem parenchyma

Function of Xylem Tissue
The xylem tissue provide support and shape to the plant
The major function of xylem tissue is to conduct water and dissolved mineral salt from the root to the leaves.

Assessment plan. The teacher uses the following to assess the learners
Class work
List the types of supporting tissues in plant
Home work
State three functions of each of the supporting Tissues in plant

Evaluation

  1. List the Types of supporting tissues in plants
  2. State the Functions of the supporting tissues in plant

Glossary
Xylem: supporting tissue in plant found in the vascular bundle
Conclusion: There are different types of supporting tissues in plant. They are Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Xylem.

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