Subject: Biology
Topic: Mechanism of transport in higher animals
Instructional Materials: Specimen, pictures, chart
Aim of the Lesson: To help the learner
understand the transport system
Anticipated Problems: Because of advancement in
class, most themes might be new to the learner and might result to difficulty
in understanding.
Possible Solution: The teacher explains the concept in details
using illustrations and real objects.
Content Objectives: By the of the lesson, learner should be
able to;
1. Explain
the mechanism of transport in higher animals
2. Explain
the mechanism of transport in higher plant
Time
Table fit/ previous knowledge: The learners learnt the
transport system in their previous class.
Differentiation
Method/Multiple Intelligence: The teacher uses different
teaching technique such as discussion, role playing, questioning and use of
picture to ensure all the learner benefit from the lesson.
Mechanism of transport in higher
animals
In
higher animals, the blood is made to circulate round the body by the pumping
action of the heart through the blood vessels like the arteries, veins, and
capillaries.
Mammals’
exhibits double circulation. Double circulation means that blood
passes through the heart twice every time it makes one complete movement round
the body.
Pulmonary
circulation: During pulmonary
circulation, blood is taken from the heart to the lungs through pulmonary
artery and taken back to the heart through pulmonary vein.
Systemic
circulation: This circulation takes the blood (oxygenated
blood) from the heart to all parts of the body.
Mechanism of transportation in higher plants
While the unicellular plants are able to
exchange materials with their environment by simple diffusion, the more complex
plants will also require a more sophisticated system for transport. The system
is composed of conducting tissues known as vascular tissues. Vascular tissues
are found in both flowering and non-flowering plants. The materials for
transport in plants include: oxygen, carbon (IV) oxide, water, mineral salts,
food substances, pigments and hormones.
These materials are transported mainly in
the plant and cell sap. The plant sap is the fluid found in the vascular
tissues which contain 97.6% water and dissolved organic and inorganic solutes.
The cell sap is the watery fluid contained in the vacuoles of plant cells. The
vascular tissue contains the vascular bundle which is made of xylem, the phloem and cambium. Cambium
is found between xylem and phloem tissue.
Xylem
tissue transport water and mineral salt from the root to other parts of the
plants.
The phloem tissue transport manufactured food from the leaves to other part of
the plant.
Processes
which aids transportation in plant include
TRANSLOCATION:
This is the movement of substances (food and water) to the various parts of the
plants. This is brought about by the vascular tissues which are in bundles of
characteristic patterns in roots, stems and leaves.
Plants are able to take up nutrients and
water by applying simple diffusion and osmosis. Note that the root hairs
present a selectively permeable membrane. The transport of solutes through the
xylem also involves active transport.
TRANSPIRATION:
Transpiration is the loss of water by evaporation to the atmosphere through the
stomata of the leaf. Transpiration stream is the continuous flow of water from
the roots to the leaves which results from:
- Water loss
in leaves by evaporation.
- Increase in
osmotic concentration of the cells of the leaves and stem.
- Movement of
water from the xylem tissues to the cells of laves and stem
IMPORTANCE
OF TRANSPIRATION INCLUDES:
1) It helps to cool the plant as water
evaporates from the leaf surface.
2) It provides water for physiological
functions of the plant cells.
3)
It moves mineral salts to all parts of the plants.
Assessment
plan. The teacher uses the following to assess the learners
Class
work
What
is translocation?
Define
transpiration
Home
work
Draw
the mechanism of transportation in higher animals
Multiple
choice questions.
1.
The loss of water by evaporation to the
atmosphere through the stomata of the leaf is known as
- Transpiration
- Translocation
- Evaporation
- Emission
2. The
movement of substances (food and water) to the various parts of the plants is
known as
- Transpiration
- Translocation
- Evaporation
- Emission
Evaluation
1. Explain
the mechanism of transport in higher animals
2. Explain
the mechanism of transport in higher plant
Glossary
Double
circulation: means that blood passes
through the heart twice
Conclusion: In
higher animals, the blood is made to circulate round the body by the pumping
action of the heart through the blood vessels like the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
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