BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON EXCRETION

 Subject: Biology

Topic: Excretion

Class: SS1

Sex: Mixed

Instructional  Materials. Textbook, specimen, pictures.

Aim of the Lesson: To help the learner understand the concept of excretion

Anticipated Problems: Because of advancement in class, most themes might be new to the learner and might result to difficulty in understanding

Possible Solution: The teacher explains the concept in details using illustrations and real objects.

Content Objectives: By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to;

1.      Define of excretion

2.      State the importance of excretion

3.      State the difference between excretion, secretion and egestion.

4.      Draw the diagram of excretory organelle

  1. State forms in which excretory product are excreted.

Time Table fit/ previous knowledge: The learner learnt about the properties and functions of the cell in their previous lesson

Set Induction: The teacher asks the student to observe the object on the table.

Differentiation Method/Multiple Intelligence: The teacher uses different teaching technique such as discussion, role playing, questioning and use of picture to ensure all the learner benefit from the lesson.

EXCRETION

 Excretion is defined as the process by which organisms get rid of waste products during its metabolism. Different organisms use different means of removing waste products from their body system.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EXCRETION, EGESTION AND SECRETION

Excretion is defined as the process by which organisms get rid of waste products during its metabolism

Egestion is the removal of solid undigested food substances

Secretion is the production of useful substances such as enzymes and hormone by metabolic processes in the body.

IMPORTANCE OF EXCRETION

The following are importance of excretion.

1.       The excretory products are harmful to the body and so must be removed.

2.       Excretion helps to maintain water balance in the body.

3.       Excretion also helps to maintain salt balance

4.       Waste products when not removed can interfere with normal metabolic activities of the body.

FORMS IN WHICH WASTE PRODUCTS ARE EXCRETED

 1. Liquid form e.g water, uric acid, sweat, urine, urea, nitrogenous wastes, dissolved minerals salts, latex, gums.

2. Gaseous form e.g CO2, Oxygen, Ammonia ga

3. Solid form: e.g uric acid, Tannin, alkaloids’, mucilages in plants

EXCRETORY SYSTEMS OR ORGANS OF SOME ORGANISMS

organism

Excretory system/organs

Protozoa e.g Amoeba

Contractile vacuole by diffusion

Flatworms e.g tapeworm

Flame cell

Annelids e.g earthworms

Nephridia

Insects

Malphighian tubules

Crustaceans

 Green gland

Fishes

Kidney

Amphibian e.g toad

Kidney

Reptile

Kidney

Birds

Kidney and lungs

Mammals

Kidney, skin, liver, and lungs

Flowering plants

Stomata and lenticels

Diagram of excretory system

Picture of Excretory system in human

Assessment plan. The teacher uses the following to assess the learners

Class work

1.    Define excretion 

  1. List the excretory organs 

Home work

Draw a well labeled diagram of the kidney           

Multiple choice questions.

1. The process by which organisms get rid of waste products during its metabolism is known as

  1. Excretion
  2. Egestion
  3. Secretion
  4. Metabolism .

2. The removal of solid undigested food substances is known as

  1. Excretion
  2. Egestion
  3. Secretion
  4. Metabolism  

3.  The production of useful substances such as enzymes and hormone by metabolic processes is known as

  1. Excretion
  2. Egestion
  3. Secretion
  4. Metabolism

Evaluation

1.      Define of excretion

2.      State the importance of excretion

3.      State the difference between excretion, secretion and egestion.

4.      Draw the diagram of excretory organelle

  1. State forms in which excretory product are excreted.

Glossary

Secretion is the production of useful substances such as enzymes and hormone by metabolic processes in the body.

Conclusion: Excretion is defined as the process by which organisms get rid of waste products during its metabolism.


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