CLASSIFICATIONS OF LIVING THINGS

Subject: Biology

Topic: Classification of living things

Instructional Materia specimen, pictures,  

Aim of the Lesson: To help the learner understand the various classifications of living things

Anticipated Problems: Because of advancement in class, most themes might be new to the learner and might result to difficulty in understand.

Possible Solution: The teacher explains the concept in details using illustrations and real objects.

Content Objectives: By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to;

1. Explain prokaryote
2. Explain eukaryote
3. Explain kingdom Monera
4. Explain kingdom Protista
5. Explain kingdom Fungi

Time Table fit/ previous knowledge: The learner might have known about classifications of living things but the teacher explains in details

Set Induction: The teacher asks the student to observe the object on the table.

Differentiation Method/Multiple Intelligence: The teacher uses different teaching technique such as discussion, role playing, questioning and use of picture to ensure all the learner benefit from the lesson.

               CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

 The scientific process of classification of living things is called Taxonomy. It is made up of the following sub processes.

 Nomenclature: System of naming base on the rule and procedure i.e Binomial system

Systematic: The study of kind and diversity of living organisms

Classification: Biological practice of placing or ordering of living things into groups according to the origin, structure, association and other attributes.

Identification: Process of placing individual organisms into classes that had been initially identified.

PRINCIPLE OF CLASSIFICATION

 A Swedish naturalist called Carolus Linnaeus introduced Binomial system of classification in 1778 in which two names are given to an individual organism. Genus - is the name corresponding to surnames and Species, the other name corresponding to specific or first name. The two names are underlined separately or italized. e.g Homo sapian

All living organisms can be put into two major groups – Procaryotic and Eucaryotics

PROCARYOTICS: These are the organism that lack complete complements of hereditary materials; no well-defined nuclei; examples of organism in this category include Bacteria and Virus

EUCARYOTICS: These are the organisms with well-defined nuclei and genetic materials. Algae, (except blue -green algae), protozoa and other common plants and animals are eucaryotics.

              FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATIONS

This is the modern classification that replaces the old two kingdoms. The five kingdoms are:

 1. Monera: Bacteria and Blue green algae

2. Protista: Aquatic unicellular organism s e.g Amoeba

3. Fungi: Moulds and Mushrooms

4. Plantae: Multicellular photosynthetic plants

5. Animalia: Various multicellular animals

KINGDOM MONERA

Characteristics

1. Unicellular and filamentous
2. Prokaryotic cells
3. No organized nucleus
4. Lack of complex chromosome
5. No mitochondria, chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum
6. Lack of cellulose cell wall
7. No sexual reproduction
8. Either autotrophic or heterotrophic

KINGDOM PROSTISTA

Characteristics

1. Eukaryotic and unicellular
2. Either autotrophic, parasitic or heterotrophic
3. Asexual reproduction by mitosis but some with sexual reproduction by the fusion of gametes.
4. Movement by cilia, flagella or amoeboid

KINGDOM FUNGI

Characteristics

1. Some are unicellular e.g yeast. Many are cellular e.g rhizopus, mushrooms
2. The body composed basically of filaments
3. All hyphae are collectively called mycelium
4. They are made up of many nuclei in a cell

All fungi are heterotrophic, but some live saprophytic, symbiotic and parasitic life because all lack chlorophyll

Assessment plan. The teacher uses the following to assess the learners

Class work

Differentiate between procaryote and eucaryote

Home work

Draw the structure of a bacteria, paramecium and fungi

Multiple choice questions.

1. Organism that lack complete complements of hereditary materials with no well-defined nuclei is known as

a)      Procaryote

b)      Eucaryote

c)       Multicellular

d)      Unicellular

2. Organisms with well-defined nuclei and genetic materials are known as

a)      Procaryote

b)      Eucaryote

c)       Multicellular

d)      Unicellular

Evaluation

1. Explain procaryote
2. Explain eucaryote
3. Explain kingdom Monera
4. Explain kingdom Protista
5. Explain kingdom Fungi  

Glossary

Taxonomy: The scientific process of classification of living things is called

Conclusion: The five kingdom classification is the modern classification that replaces the old two kingdoms.