BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON CROP PROPAGATION

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Topic: Crop Propagation Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Subject: Biology Specific Objectives By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Define crop propagation. Differentiate between sexual and asexual propagation. Identify and explain various methods of crop propagation. Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Recognize common examples of crops propagated using each method. Lesson Content 1. Meaning of Crop Propagation Crop propagation refers to the process by which plants reproduce or are reproduced to give rise to new plants. This can occur naturally or be carried out artificially by farmers or agricultural scientists. It is a vital practice in agriculture that ensures the continuous production of food and other plant-based resources. 2. Types of Crop Propagation Crop propagation is broadly categorized into two main types: Sexual Propagation (Seed Propagation) Asexual Propagation (Vegetative Propagation) 3. Sexual Propa...
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WEEK 1: CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

TOPIC: Conservation of natural resources  

TIME: 40 minutes 

MAIN AIM: To help the learners understand how to conserve natural resources 

SUSIDIARY AIM: By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to;

  1. Define conservation of natural resources
  2. State reasons for conservation 
  3. Mention methods of conserving natural resources
  4. State the importance and benefits of conservation of natural resources 
  5. Mention ways of ensuring the conservation of natural resources 
  6. State problems and difficulties associated with conservation

PERSONAL AIM: To keep strictly to time allotted to  each stage of the lesson

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The learners know about natural resources from their previous lesson

TEACHING AIDS: Research work from the internet, pictures 

PROCEDURE: The teacher present the lesson with the following steps 

STEP ONE: CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

 Conservation of natural resources is defined as the planned and control exploitation as well as judicious use of natural resources to ensure their continuous availability and to preserve the quality or original nature of the environment. In order to ensure continuous use and availability.

STEP TWO: REASONS FOR CONSERVATION:

  1. To allow continued use of natural resources for mans benefits 
  2. To preserve rare and valuable species of plants and animals for the future generation or to save them from extinction or permanent destruction. 
  3. To preserve naturally beautiful sceneries for their aesthetic values. 
  4. To promote the recycling of some scarce mineral resources, e.g. water Natural resources that need to be conserved:
  5.  Natural resources that need to be conserved include wildlife, water, forest, soil, air and mineral resources

Read: Tissues and Supporting system

STEP THREE: METHOD OF CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES

Wild life 

  1. Establishment of game or forest reserves 
  2. Establishment of Zoological gardens 
  3. Control of hunting to prevent extinction of some animal species 

 Water: 

  1. Trapping or storage of water in tanks or wells 
  2. damming of rivers to allow for more effective management of water 
  3. Treatment and recycling of used water 

Forest:

  1. cutting of trees without destroying the undergrowth
  2. Reforestations or encouraging the planting of trees 
  3. prevention of bush burning or careless forest fires. 

Soil:

  1. prevention of overgrazing which may cause soil erosion 
  2. prevention of indiscriminate felling of trees or deforestation 
  3. adoption of better farming practices, e.g. crop rotation so as to prevent erosion leaching, water logging or acidity.

Air:

  1. prevention of effluents from factories or factory chimneys which may pollute the air or cause acid rain.
  2. prevention of fumes from automobile or thermal plants which may affect aerial life or render air unfit for organisms. 
  3. proper treatment and disposal of sewage.

Mineral Resources:

  1. there should be legislation against indiscriminate mining of mineral resources, 
  2. effective and efficient extraction methods of mining should be adopted to prevent wastage. 
  3. there should be efficient utilization of available mineral resources for mans use 

STEP FOUR: IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 

Benefits of wildlife resources conservation: 

  1. it provides food for human consumption, e.g. meat, fish, eggs etc. 
  2. it generates revenue for government.
  3. it serves as tourist center for pleasure and relaxation. 

Benefits of forest resources conservation:

  1. forests are sources of food supply e.g. fruit, vegetables, meats etc. 
  2.  forests are source of timber for construction purpose, 
  3.  forests provide medicinal herbs. 

Benefits of air resources conservation:

  1. Air provides oxygen used in respiration by plants and animals. 
  2. it provides carbon dioxide used by pants for photosynthesis.  
  3. air also provide gaseous nitrogen used by plant to manufacture proteins

Benefits of mineral resources conservation:

  1. mineral resources provide fuel, e.g. coal, petroleum and natural gas, for use.
  2.  they are used for construction purpose, e.g. iron, zinc, aluminum, some are used for industrial development, e.g. diamond, iron, copper, silver etc 

STEP FIVE: WAYS OF ENSURING THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 

  1. Establishment of agencies for conservation 
  2. Establishment of game reserves or national parks 
  3. Making of conservation laws, edicts or decrees 
  4. Conservation education 
  5. Setting standards for pollution control

STEP SIX PROBLEMS AND DIFFICULTIES ASSOCIATED WITH CONSERVATION

  1. Soil erosion cause by natural wind, rainfall and run -off 
  2.  Land, air and water pollution 
  3.  Occurrence of natural disaster such as earthquake and flood
  4. Overgrazing caused by domestic livestock
  5.   Indiscriminate hunting, leading to eradication of wildlife

EVALUATION: 

  1. Define conservation of natural resources
  2. State reasons for conservation 
  3. Mention methods of conserving natural resources
  4. State the importance and benefits of conservation of natural resources 
  5. Mention ways of ensuring the conservation of natural resources
  6. State problems and difficulties associated with conservation

CONCLUSION: The teacher concludes the lesson by summarizing the topic from the beginning and give assignment to the learner.

ASSIGNMENT: 

Class work

Define conservation of natural resources 

Name natural resources that can be conserved 

Home work

Write five solutions to problems and difficulties associated with conservation of natural resources   

🏝️🏝️🏕️


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