BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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CHEMISTRY LESSON NOTE FOR SS1, SS2 AND SS3 pdf

Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1) Chemistry Scheme of Work

First Term

  1. Introduction to Chemistry – Definition, history, branches, and importance.
  2. Chemical Industries and Laboratory Apparatus – Common apparatus and their uses.
  3. Nature of Matter – States, properties, changes of state.
  4. Separation Techniques – Filtration, distillation, sublimation, chromatography.
  5. Atomic Structure – Structure of the atom, subatomic particles.
  6. Periodic Table – Groups, periods, and periodicity.
  7. Chemical Combination – Laws of chemical combination.
  8. Acids, Bases, and Salts – Definitions, examples, and properties.
  9. Chemical Symbols, Formulae, and Equations – Writing symbols, formulae, balancing equations.
  10. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis (Introduction) – Basic concepts.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Second Term

  1. Mole Concept and Stoichiometry – Mole, molar mass, Avogadro’s number.
  2. Percentage Composition and Empirical Formula – Calculations.
  3. Gas Laws – Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, ideal gas equation.
  4. Structure of the Atom and Electronic Configuration – Bohr’s model, configurations.
  5. Ionic and Covalent Bonding – Formation, properties.
  6. Oxidation and Reduction – Definition, examples, redox reactions.
  7. Acids, Bases, and Salts (continued) – pH scale, neutralization.
  8. Water and Solution – Properties, types of solutions, solubility.
  9. Solubility and Crystallization – Saturated solutions, solubility curves.
  10. Introduction to Organic Chemistry – Characteristics of organic compounds.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Third Term

  1. Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes – Structure, properties, examples.
  2. Isomerism – Structural and geometric.
  3. Petroleum and Petrochemicals – Refining, fractional distillation.
  4. Chemical Reactions and Types – Combination, decomposition, displacement.
  5. Energy Changes in Reactions – Endothermic and exothermic.
  6. Rates of Chemical Reactions – Factors affecting rate.
  7. Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium – Le Chatelier’s principle.
  8. Metals and Non-Metals – Properties and uses.
  9. Environmental Chemistry – Water and air pollution.
  10. Revision of Key Concepts – SS1 full recap.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2) Chemistry Scheme of Work

First Term

  1. Electrolysis – Electrolytes, electrodes, Faraday’s laws.
  2. Electrochemical Cells – Galvanic and electrolytic cells.
  3. Acid-Base Titration – Apparatus, procedures, calculations.
  4. Solubility and Solubility Curves – Calculations and interpretation.
  5. Chemical Equilibrium – Equilibrium constant, calculations.
  6. Chemical Kinetics – Rate laws, order of reaction.
  7. Heat of Reaction – Enthalpy change, Hess’s law.
  8. Energetics of Reactions – Activation energy, diagrams.
  9. Saponification and Detergents – Chemistry of soap making.
  10. Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry – Radioactivity, applications.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Second Term

  1. Halogens – Properties, uses of fluorine, chlorine, etc.
  2. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals – Characteristics and uses.
  3. Transition Elements – Properties, complex compounds.
  4. General Properties of Metals – Reactivity, refining.
  5. Non-Metals and Their Compounds – Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
  6. Water – Hardness, purification, quality control.
  7. Environmental Pollution – Causes, control, effects.
  8. Sulphur and Its Compounds – Sulphur dioxide, sulphuric acid.
  9. Carbon and Its Compounds – Oxides, carbonates, hydrocarbons.
  10. Industrial Preparation of Chemicals – HCl, NH3, H2SO4.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Third Term

  1. Organic Chemistry (Revision) – Functional groups, IUPAC naming.
  2. Hydrocarbons – Properties, tests.
  3. Alcohols, Ethers, and Phenols – Uses, reactions.
  4. Aldehydes and Ketones – Preparation, identification.
  5. Carboxylic Acids and Esters – Structure and reactions.
  6. Polymers and Plastics – Types, uses, dangers.
  7. Food Chemistry – Carbohydrates, proteins, fats.
  8. Drugs and Their Effects – Medicinal and harmful chemicals.
  9. Revision of SS2 Concepts – Mock practicals.
  10. Chemistry in Industry and Everyday Life – Applications.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Senior Secondary School 3 (SS3) Chemistry Scheme of Work

First Term

  1. Comprehensive WAEC/NECO Syllabus Review – Overview of topics.
  2. Revision of Organic Chemistry – Practicals and past questions.
  3. Revision of Inorganic Chemistry – Periodic table, elements.
  4. Revision of Physical Chemistry – Rates, equilibrium, gases.
  5. Chemical Calculations Practice – Moles, titrations, stoichiometry.
  6. Practical Chemistry Techniques – Titration, qualitative analysis.
  7. Environmental Chemistry – Pollution, remediation.
  8. Industrial Chemistry – Chemical industries in Nigeria.
  9. Common Exam Questions and Solutions – Theory and objectives.
  10. Mock Practical Test – Sample WAEC practical.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Second Term

  1. Objective Chemistry Drills – Timed practice.
  2. Summary of Major Topics – Key points across SS1–SS3.
  3. Chemistry in Everyday Life – Food, medicine, industry.
  4. Exam Strategy and Time Management – Techniques.
  5. Balanced Review Sessions – Peer learning.
  6. WAEC/NECO Past Questions Review – Analysis.
  7. Practical Chemistry Review – Indicators, gases.
  8. Data Interpretation and Report Writing – For practicals.
  9. Mock WAEC Chemistry Paper – Full practice.
  10. Final Tips and Revision – Preparation strategies.
  11. Revision
  12. Mock Examination
  13. Closing

Third Term (Pre-exam/Break Term)

  1. Intensive Revision – All Chemistry topics.
  2. Individual Support Sessions – Remediation.
  3. Final Exam Strategies – Speed, accuracy.
  4. Past Exam Correction Sessions – WAEC/NECO.
  5. Practice with Timed Papers – Full sessions.
  6. Group Discussion and Peer Review – Exam-focused.
  7. Last-Minute Revision – Summary sheets.
  8. Mock Final Exams – Timed conditions.
  9. Performance Review and Feedback – Targeted help.
  10. Final Preparations – Confidence building.
  11. Revision
  12. Examination
  13. Closing

Download Complete Note For SS1, SS2 & SS3

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