JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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2026 NECO Agricultural Science Practical Specimens, Questions and Answers (Complete Guide)


The National Examinations Council (NECO) has officially released the Agricultural Science practical specimens for the 2026 Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE). Candidates are expected to identify farm tools, fertilizers, animal products, crops, and agricultural materials while explaining their functions, uses, maintenance, and economic importance.

This guide provides a detailed explanation of the official 2026 NECO Agricultural Science practical specimens along with likely examination areas for revision.

Official 2026 NECO Agricultural Science Practical Specimens

The following specimens have been provided for the 2026 NECO Agricultural Science Practical Examination:

  • Specimen A – Wheelbarrow
  • Specimen B – Garden Fork
  • Specimen C – Shears
  • Specimen D – Urea Fertilizer
  • Specimen E – Cow Dung
  • Specimen F – Yam Tuber
  • Specimen G – Groundnut Seed
  • Specimen H – Rat
  • Specimen I – Animal Horn
  • Specimen J – Oyster Shell
  • Specimen K – Maize Cob

Specimen A: Wheelbarrow

Identification

A wheelbarrow is a farm tool used for transporting materials from one location to another.

Uses

  • Transporting harvested crops
  • Carrying manure
  • Moving farm tools
  • Transporting seedlings

Maintenance

  • Lubricate moving parts regularly
  • Store in a dry place
  • Tighten loose bolts and nuts
  • Repair damaged tyres promptly

Examination Questions

1. State four uses of a wheelbarrow.

Answer:

  • Transporting crops
  • Carrying fertilizers
  • Moving farm tools
  • Transporting manure

Specimen B: Garden Fork

Identification

A garden fork is a hand tool with strong prongs used for soil cultivation.

Uses

  • Loosening soil
  • Turning compost
  • Mixing manure with soil
  • Removing weeds

Maintenance

  • Clean after use
  • Store properly
  • Oil metal parts to prevent rust

Specimen C: Shears

Identification

Shears are cutting tools used for trimming plants and hedges.

Uses

  • Pruning shrubs
  • Cutting grasses
  • Shaping hedges
  • Removing unwanted branches

Maintenance

  • Sharpen blades regularly
  • Oil joints
  • Keep dry after use

Specimen D: Urea Fertilizer

Description

Urea is a nitrogenous fertilizer commonly used to improve crop growth.

Nutrient Supplied

  • Nitrogen (N)

Importance

  • Promotes vegetative growth
  • Improves leaf development
  • Increases crop yield

Precautions

  • Apply at recommended rates
  • Avoid excessive application

Specimen E: Cow Dung

Description

Cow dung is an organic manure obtained from cattle.

Importance

  • Improves soil fertility
  • Enhances soil structure
  • Increases water-holding capacity
  • Supplies nutrients to crops

Advantages Over Chemical Fertilizers

  • Environmentally friendly
  • Improves soil texture
  • Long-lasting effect

Specimen F: Yam Tuber

Scientific Classification

  • Crop Type: Root and Tuber Crop

Economic Importance

  • Source of carbohydrates
  • Income generation
  • Industrial processing

Method of Propagation

  • Vegetative propagation

Specimen G: Groundnut Seed

Scientific Classification

  • Family: Fabaceae

Economic Importance

  • Source of edible oil
  • Livestock feed production
  • Food for humans
  • Export commodity

Method of Propagation

  • By seed

Specimen H: Rat

Agricultural Importance

Harmful Effects

  • Destroys stored grains
  • Damages crops
  • Contaminates food

Control Measures

  • Trapping
  • Poisoning
  • Proper sanitation

Specimen I: Animal Horn

Source

Obtained from cattle, goats, sheep and other livestock.

Uses

  • Production of ornaments
  • Manufacturing buttons
  • Decorative purposes
  • Handicraft production

Specimen J: Oyster Shell

Importance in Agriculture

  • Source of calcium
  • Used in poultry feed formulation
  • Improves eggshell formation

Nutrient Supplied

  • Calcium

Specimen K: Maize Cob

Description

The maize cob is the central core that bears maize grains.

Uses

  • Livestock feed ingredient
  • Fuel source
  • Organic manure production

Economic Importance of Maize

  • Human consumption
  • Livestock feed
  • Industrial raw material

Frequently Asked NECO Agricultural Science Practical Questions

Differentiate Between Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers

Organic Fertilizer Inorganic Fertilizer
Natural origin Manufactured
Slow nutrient release Fast nutrient release
Improves soil structure Does not improve soil structure

Differentiate Between Wheelbarrow and Garden Fork

Wheelbarrow Garden Fork
Used for transportation Used for cultivation
Has wheel Has prongs
Moves materials Loosens soil

Tips for Passing NECO Agricultural Science Practical

  1. Learn the uses of all farm tools.
  2. Study fertilizers and their nutrient contents.
  3. Know the economic importance of crops and livestock products.
  4. Practice specimen identification.
  5. Revise previous practical questions.

Conclusion

The 2026 NECO Agricultural Science Practical Examination will focus on farm tools, fertilizers, crops, animal products, and agricultural materials. Candidates who understand the identification, uses, maintenance, and economic importance of these specimens will have a better chance of scoring high marks in the examination.

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