JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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JAMB Biology Past Questions and Answers (CBT Practice)

Introduction

Biology in JAMB (UTME) covers the study of living organisms, their structure, functions, evolution, ecology, and classification. It also includes human biology, genetics, and environmental biology. Success in Biology requires understanding concepts, memorization of key facts, and consistent practice of CBT-style questions. This set contains 100 JAMB-standard Biology objective questions with properly shuffled options A–D and correct answers.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Instruction: Choose the correct option A–D.

1–25: Cell Biology and Basic Concepts

  1. The basic unit of life is the
    A. tissue B. organ C. cell D. system
    Answer: C

  2. The control centre of the cell is the
    A. nucleus B. cytoplasm C. ribosome D. membrane
    Answer: A

  3. The cell membrane is responsible for
    A. digestion B. protection and control of movement C. reproduction D. respiration
    Answer: B

  4. Chlorophyll is found in the
    A. nucleus B. chloroplast C. vacuole D. ribosome
    Answer: B

  5. Mitochondria is known as the
    A. kitchen of the cell B. powerhouse of the cell C. brain of the cell D. storage unit
    Answer: B

  6. Ribosomes are responsible for
    A. respiration B. protein synthesis C. digestion D. excretion
    Answer: B

  7. Plant cells differ from animal cells because they have
    A. nucleus only B. cell wall C. cytoplasm D. membrane
    Answer: B

  8. The jelly-like substance in the cell is
    A. nucleus B. cytoplasm C. vacuole D. chloroplast
    Answer: B

  9. The vacuole in plant cells is used for
    A. photosynthesis B. storage of cell sap C. respiration D. movement
    Answer: B

  10. The organelle for photosynthesis is
    A. mitochondrion B. chloroplast C. ribosome D. nucleus
    Answer: B

  11. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
    A. low to high concentration B. high to low concentration C. equal concentration D. solid to liquid only
    Answer: B

  12. Osmosis involves movement of
    A. salt B. water C. oxygen D. glucose
    Answer: B

  13. Active transport requires
    A. no energy B. oxygen C. energy (ATP) D. water only
    Answer: C

  14. A tissue is a group of
    A. cells B. organs C. systems D. organisms
    Answer: A

  15. An organ is made up of
    A. tissues B. cells only C. systems D. atoms
    Answer: A

  16. The microscope is used to
    A. cook food B. view tiny organisms C. measure weight D. store data
    Answer: B

  17. Magnification is
    A. size reduction B. size increase C. weight increase D. length decrease
    Answer: B

  18. The cell wall is made of
    A. protein B. cellulose C. fat D. starch
    Answer: B

  19. Prokaryotic cells lack
    A. nucleus B. membrane C. cytoplasm D. ribosomes
    Answer: A

  20. Example of prokaryotic organism is
    A. Amoeba B. Bacteria C. Paramecium D. Hydra
    Answer: B

  21. Eukaryotic cells have
    A. no nucleus B. true nucleus C. no membrane D. no cytoplasm
    Answer: B

  22. The cell membrane is
    A. fully permeable B. partially permeable C. impermeable D. rigid
    Answer: B

  23. Photosynthesis produces
    A. oxygen and glucose B. carbon dioxide only C. water only D. nitrogen
    Answer: A

  24. Respiration occurs in the
    A. chloroplast B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. vacuole
    Answer: B

  25. The smallest living unit is
    A. organ B. tissue C. cell D. system
    Answer: C

26–50: Classification, Ecology and Evolution

  1. The science of classification is
    A. ecology B. taxonomy C. genetics D. zoology
    Answer: B

  2. The highest taxonomic rank is
    A. genus B. kingdom C. species D. family
    Answer: B

  3. Humans belong to the kingdom
    A. Plantae B. Animalia C. Fungi D. Protista
    Answer: B

  4. The binomial name of human is
    A. Homo sapiens B. Homo erectus C. Homo habilis D. Homo neanderthal
    Answer: A

  5. The study of interaction of organisms and environment is
    A. anatomy B. ecology C. physiology D. morphology
    Answer: B

  6. A habitat is
    A. food chain B. place where organism lives C. ecosystem D. biome
    Answer: B

  7. A food chain starts with
    A. carnivores B. herbivores C. producers D. decomposers
    Answer: C

  8. Green plants are called
    A. consumers B. decomposers C. producers D. parasites
    Answer: C

  9. Herbivores feed on
    A. plants B. meat C. both D. insects only
    Answer: A

  10. Carnivores feed on
    A. plants B. meat C. water D. fruits only
    Answer: B

  11. Decomposers break down
    A. living plants B. dead organisms C. sunlight D. water
    Answer: B

  12. Energy in ecosystem flows from
    A. consumers to producers B. producers to consumers C. decomposers to producers D. animals to plants only
    Answer: B

  13. Pyramid of energy shows
    A. food types B. energy transfer C. plant growth D. water cycle
    Answer: B

  14. Evolution is
    A. sudden change B. gradual change in organisms C. death D. reproduction only
    Answer: B

  15. Natural selection was proposed by
    A. Newton B. Darwin C. Mendel D. Lamarck
    Answer: B

  16. Variation means
    A. similarity B. differences among organisms C. cloning D. reproduction
    Answer: B

  17. Adaptation helps organisms to
    A. die faster B. survive C. sleep D. move only
    Answer: B

  18. Competition occurs when organisms
    A. share food B. struggle for resources C. sleep D. reproduce
    Answer: B

  19. Parasitism is
    A. mutual benefit B. one benefits, one harmed C. both benefit D. none affected
    Answer: B

  20. Mutualism is
    A. one benefits B. both benefit C. none benefit D. one dies
    Answer: B

  21. Commensalism is
    A. both harmed B. one benefits, other unaffected C. both benefit D. none benefit
    Answer: B

  22. Ecosystem includes
    A. plants only B. living and non-living things C. animals only D. water only
    Answer: B

  23. Biotic factors are
    A. non-living B. living components C. soil only D. air only
    Answer: B

  24. Abiotic factors are
    A. living things B. non-living things C. animals only D. plants only
    Answer: B

  25. The biosphere is
    A. soil layer B. zone of life on earth C. ocean only D. forest only
    Answer: B

51–100: Human Biology, Genetics and Health

  1. The heart pumps
    A. water B. blood C. air D. food
    Answer: B

  2. Blood is made of
    A. plasma only B. plasma and cells C. water only D. oxygen only
    Answer: B

  3. Red blood cells carry
    A. hormones B. oxygen C. food D. waste
    Answer: B

  4. White blood cells fight
    A. digestion B. infection C. breathing D. movement
    Answer: B

  5. Platelets help in
    A. digestion B. clotting of blood C. breathing D. reproduction
    Answer: B

  6. The kidney removes
    A. oxygen B. waste products C. food D. hormones
    Answer: B

  7. The liver helps in
    A. digestion and detoxification B. movement C. reproduction D. breathing
    Answer: A

  8. The lungs are used for
    A. digestion B. respiration C. excretion D. circulation
    Answer: B

  9. Respiration produces
    A. energy B. water only C. oxygen D. food
    Answer: A

  10. Photosynthesis occurs in
    A. animals B. plants C. fungi D. bacteria only
    Answer: B

  11. The female reproductive organ is
    A. testis B. ovary C. sperm D. penis
    Answer: B

  12. Male gamete is
    A. egg B. sperm C. zygote D. embryo
    Answer: B

  13. Fertilization is fusion of
    A. tissues B. gametes C. organs D. systems
    Answer: B

  14. The result of fertilization is
    A. embryo B. zygote C. fetus D. child
    Answer: B

  15. Genetics is study of
    A. plants B. inheritance C. animals D. diseases
    Answer: B

  16. Gene is located on
    A. chromosome B. nucleus only C. cytoplasm D. ribosome
    Answer: A

  17. DNA stands for
    A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid B. Dynamic Nuclear Acid C. Double Nitrogen Acid D. None
    Answer: A

  18. Dominant trait appears in
    A. recessive only B. hybrid form C. no form D. mutated form
    Answer: B

  19. Blood group AB is
    A. recessive B. universal donor C. universal receiver D. none
    Answer: C

  20. Malaria is caused by
    A. bacteria B. virus C. protozoa D. fungi
    Answer: C

  21. HIV affects the
    A. liver B. immune system C. heart D. lungs
    Answer: B

  22. Vaccine is used for
    A. cure only B. prevention C. infection D. mutation
    Answer: B

  23. Health means
    A. absence of disease only B. complete physical, mental and social well-being C. wealth D. strength only
    Answer: B

  24. Disease transmission can be through
    A. vectors B. food only C. sleep D. exercise
    Answer: A

  25. Mosquito is a
    A. producer B. vector C. decomposer D. herbivore
    Answer: B

  26. Water is absorbed in plants by
    A. stem B. root hairs C. leaves D. flower
    Answer: B

  27. Transpiration occurs in
    A. roots B. leaves C. flowers D. stem only
    Answer: B

  28. Xylem transports
    A. food B. water C. oxygen D. carbon dioxide
    Answer: B

  29. Phloem transports
    A. water B. food C. oxygen D. minerals only
    Answer: B

  30. The skeleton supports
    A. digestion B. body structure C. respiration D. excretion
    Answer: B

  31. Bones are connected by
    A. muscles B. ligaments C. blood D. nerves
    Answer: B

  32. Movement is aided by
    A. skeleton only B. muscles and bones C. blood D. skin
    Answer: B

  33. Nervous system controls
    A. digestion only B. body coordination C. blood only D. bones
    Answer: B

  34. Brain is protected by
    A. ribs B. skull C. spine D. pelvis
    Answer: B

  35. Ear is for
    A. smell B. hearing C. sight D. taste
    Answer: B

  36. Eye is for
    A. hearing B. sight C. smell D. taste
    Answer: B

  37. Skin helps in
    A. digestion B. protection C. respiration only D. reproduction
    Answer: B

  38. Sweat helps in
    A. cooling body B. heating body C. digestion D. movement
    Answer: A

  39. Vitamin C prevents
    A. malaria B. scurvy C. diabetes D. cholera
    Answer: B

  40. Vitamin D helps in
    A. blood clotting B. bone formation C. digestion D. vision
    Answer: B

  41. Plants make food through
    A. respiration B. photosynthesis C. digestion D. fermentation
    Answer: B

  42. Oxygen is released during
    A. respiration B. photosynthesis C. digestion D. excretion
    Answer: B

  43. Carbon dioxide is used in
    A. respiration B. photosynthesis C. digestion D. circulation
    Answer: B

  44. Stomata are found in
    A. roots B. leaves C. stem only D. flowers only
    Answer: B

  45. Water cycle involves
    A. evaporation only B. evaporation, condensation, precipitation C. digestion D. mutation
    Answer: B

  46. The largest organ in human body is
    A. liver B. skin C. heart D. brain
    Answer: B

  47. Enzyme is
    A. food B. biological catalyst C. hormone D. vitamin
    Answer: B

  48. Digestion starts in
    A. stomach B. mouth C. intestine D. liver
    Answer: B

  49. Teeth are used for
    A. respiration B. chewing C. circulation D. excretion
    Answer: B

  50. Biology is the study of
    A. matter B. living things C. machines D. chemicals only
    Answer: B

EXAM SUCCESS TIPS

  • Master cell structure and functions
  • Study classification systems thoroughly
  • Understand ecology and food chains
  • Learn human body systems properly
  • Practice genetics and inheritance questions
  • Revise diagrams and labeling
  • Use past JAMB CBT questions
  • Focus on key biological terms
  • Study diseases and health topics
  • Practice consistently under exam timing

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