JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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NECO Biology Past Questions and Answers

 

Introduction

Biology is a core science subject in the NECO Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE). It deals with the study of living organisms, their structure, functions, interactions, and environment. Key areas include cell biology, genetics, ecology, classification, nutrition, reproduction, and evolution. Success in Biology requires understanding concepts and regular practice of objective questions. This set provides 100 NECO-standard questions with well-shuffled answers across options A–D.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Instruction: Choose the correct option A–D.

1–25: Cell Biology and Basic Concepts

  1. The basic unit of life is the
    A. tissue B. organ C. cell D. system
    Answer: C

  2. The control center of the cell is the
    A. nucleus B. cytoplasm C. cell wall D. vacuole
    Answer: A

  3. Plant cells differ from animal cells because they have
    A. mitochondria B. nucleus C. cell wall D. ribosome
    Answer: C

  4. The site of protein synthesis is the
    A. lysosome B. ribosome C. nucleus D. vacuole
    Answer: B

  5. The powerhouse of the cell is
    A. ribosome B. mitochondrion C. nucleus D. Golgi body
    Answer: B

  6. The cell membrane is responsible for
    A. protection only B. controlling movement of substances C. photosynthesis D. respiration only
    Answer: B

  7. The jelly-like substance in a cell is
    A. cytoplasm B. nucleolus C. vacuole D. cell wall
    Answer: A

  8. Chloroplast is found in
    A. animal cells B. bacteria C. plant cells D. fungi only
    Answer: C

  9. The process of cell division is called
    A. meiosis B. mitosis C. fertilization D. germination
    Answer: B

  10. Meiosis produces
    A. somatic cells B. gametes C. tissues D. organs
    Answer: B

  11. The chromosome is located in the
    A. cytoplasm B. nucleus C. cell wall D. vacuole
    Answer: B

  12. The function of vacuole in plant cell is
    A. respiration B. storage C. digestion D. reproduction
    Answer: B

  13. Organelles are found in the
    A. nucleus B. cytoplasm C. cell wall D. chloroplast
    Answer: B

  14. Bacteria are classified as
    A. plants B. fungi C. prokaryotes D. animals
    Answer: C

  15. Eukaryotic cells have
    A. no nucleus B. true nucleus C. no membrane D. no cytoplasm
    Answer: B

  16. The outermost layer of plant cells is
    A. nucleus B. cell wall C. membrane D. cytoplasm
    Answer: B

  17. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
    A. low to high concentration B. high to low concentration C. solid to gas D. gas to solid
    Answer: B

  18. Osmosis involves movement of
    A. oxygen B. water C. salt D. sugar
    Answer: B

  19. Active transport requires
    A. no energy B. light C. energy (ATP) D. heat only
    Answer: C

  20. The green pigment in plants is
    A. hemoglobin B. chlorophyll C. carotene D. melanin
    Answer: B

  21. Photosynthesis occurs in the
    A. mitochondria B. chloroplast C. nucleus D. ribosome
    Answer: B

  22. The raw materials for photosynthesis are
    A. oxygen and glucose B. carbon dioxide and water C. starch and sugar D. protein and fat
    Answer: B

  23. Oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from
    A. carbon dioxide B. water C. glucose D. soil
    Answer: B

  24. The end product of photosynthesis is
    A. protein B. starch (glucose) C. fat D. oxygen only
    Answer: B

  25. Respiration in cells occurs in the
    A. chloroplast B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. vacuole
    Answer: B

26–50: Plant and Animal Biology

  1. Xylem transports
    A. food B. water and minerals C. oxygen D. hormones
    Answer: B

  2. Phloem transports
    A. water B. food C. oxygen D. salts
    Answer: B

  3. Transpiration occurs mainly through
    A. roots B. stomata C. stem D. flowers
    Answer: B

  4. The organ for breathing in humans is
    A. kidney B. lungs C. heart D. liver
    Answer: B

  5. The functional unit of the kidney is
    A. neuron B. nephron C. alveoli D. villi
    Answer: B

  6. Blood is pumped by the
    A. lungs B. heart C. liver D. brain
    Answer: B

  7. Red blood cells contain
    A. plasma B. hemoglobin C. enzymes D. hormones
    Answer: B

  8. White blood cells are responsible for
    A. digestion B. immunity C. respiration D. circulation
    Answer: B

  9. The digestive enzyme in saliva is
    A. pepsin B. amylase C. lipase D. trypsin
    Answer: B

  10. The organ that produces insulin is the
    A. liver B. pancreas C. kidney D. stomach
    Answer: B

  11. The brain is part of the
    A. digestive system B. nervous system C. respiratory system D. skeletal system
    Answer: B

  12. The spinal cord is protected by the
    A. ribs B. vertebral column C. skull D. pelvis
    Answer: B

  13. The hormone responsible for growth is
    A. insulin B. adrenaline C. growth hormone D. estrogen
    Answer: C

  14. Fertilization in humans occurs in the
    A. uterus B. ovary C. fallopian tube D. cervix
    Answer: C

  15. Male reproductive organ that produces sperm is the
    A. ovary B. testes C. uterus D. kidney
    Answer: B

  16. The embryo develops in the
    A. ovary B. uterus C. testis D. bladder
    Answer: B

  17. The placenta connects the embryo to the
    A. heart B. mother’s blood supply C. lungs D. liver
    Answer: B

  18. The skeleton provides
    A. digestion B. support C. respiration D. reproduction
    Answer: B

  19. Bones are connected by
    A. muscles B. ligaments C. tendons D. nerves
    Answer: B

  20. Muscles are attached to bones by
    A. ligaments B. tendons C. cartilage D. veins
    Answer: B

  21. The smallest bone in the human body is in the
    A. ear B. leg C. hand D. skull
    Answer: A

  22. The largest organ in the human body is the
    A. heart B. liver C. skin D. lung
    Answer: C

  23. The process of removing metabolic waste is
    A. digestion B. excretion C. respiration D. circulation
    Answer: B

  24. Sweat is produced by
    A. liver B. sweat glands C. kidney D. pancreas
    Answer: B

  25. Urine is stored in the
    A. kidney B. bladder C. liver D. ureter
    Answer: B

51–75: Ecology and Classification

  1. Ecology is the study of
    A. cells B. organisms and environment C. bones D. blood
    Answer: B

  2. A habitat is
    A. food chain B. place where organisms live C. reproduction system D. organ
    Answer: B

  3. A group of organisms of the same species is
    A. population B. community C. ecosystem D. biosphere
    Answer: A

  4. A food chain starts with
    A. carnivores B. herbivores C. producers D. decomposers
    Answer: C

  5. Green plants are
    A. consumers B. decomposers C. producers D. parasites
    Answer: C

  6. Herbivores feed on
    A. plants B. meat C. both D. insects only
    Answer: A

  7. Carnivores feed on
    A. plants B. animals C. fruits D. soil
    Answer: B

  8. Decomposers break down
    A. rocks B. dead organisms C. sunlight D. oxygen
    Answer: B

  9. The biosphere is
    A. soil only B. water only C. zone of life on earth D. air only
    Answer: C

  10. Ecosystem includes
    A. plants only B. animals only C. living and non-living things D. soil only
    Answer: C

  11. Nitrogen fixation is done by
    A. fungi B. bacteria C. plants D. animals
    Answer: B

  12. Water cycle includes
    A. evaporation and condensation B. digestion C. respiration D. reproduction
    Answer: A

  13. Pollution affects
    A. only humans B. environment C. only animals D. only plants
    Answer: B

  14. Air pollution is caused by
    A. trees B. smoke C. oxygen D. water
    Answer: B

  15. Water pollution is caused by
    A. clean water B. waste discharge C. oxygen D. plants
    Answer: B

  16. Classification groups organisms based on
    A. color B. similarities C. size only D. age
    Answer: B

  17. The highest taxonomic rank is
    A. species B. kingdom C. genus D. family
    Answer: B

  18. Humans belong to the kingdom
    A. plantae B. fungi C. animalia D. protista
    Answer: C

  19. Scientific name consists of
    A. one word B. two words C. three words D. four words
    Answer: B

  20. The first part of scientific name is
    A. species B. genus C. family D. order
    Answer: B

  21. Example of vertebrates is
    A. insect B. fish C. worm D. snail
    Answer: B

  22. Animals without backbone are
    A. vertebrates B. invertebrates C. mammals D. reptiles
    Answer: B

  23. Mammals give birth to
    A. eggs B. live young ones C. spores D. seeds
    Answer: B

  24. Birds have
    A. scales B. feathers C. fins D. shells
    Answer: B

  25. Fish breathe using
    A. lungs B. gills C. skin D. nose
    Answer: B

76–100: Mixed Revision

  1. The process of breathing is called
    A. digestion B. respiration C. circulation D. excretion
    Answer: B

  2. Oxygen is used in
    A. photosynthesis B. respiration C. excretion D. digestion
    Answer: B

  3. Carbon dioxide is produced during
    A. photosynthesis B. respiration C. digestion D. transpiration
    Answer: B

  4. The heart has ___ chambers.
    A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
    Answer: C

  5. Arteries carry blood
    A. to heart B. away from heart C. both D. none
    Answer: B

  6. Veins carry blood
    A. away from heart B. to heart C. only oxygen D. only food
    Answer: B

  7. The largest artery is
    A. aorta B. vena cava C. capillary D. vein
    Answer: A

  8. Capillaries are used for
    A. pumping blood B. exchange of substances C. digestion D. breathing
    Answer: B

  9. The hormone insulin controls
    A. heartbeat B. blood sugar C. growth D. breathing
    Answer: B

  10. AIDS is caused by
    A. bacteria B. virus C. fungi D. worm
    Answer: B

  11. Malaria is caused by
    A. virus B. bacteria C. protozoa D. fungi
    Answer: C

  12. The vector of malaria is
    A. housefly B. mosquito C. cockroach D. ant
    Answer: B

  13. Vaccination helps to
    A. weaken immunity B. strengthen immunity C. cause disease D. stop breathing
    Answer: B

  14. Antibiotics are used to treat
    A. viral infections B. bacterial infections C. injuries only D. cancer
    Answer: B

  15. The study of heredity is
    A. ecology B. genetics C. anatomy D. taxonomy
    Answer: B

  16. Genes are found on
    A. ribosome B. chromosome C. cytoplasm D. vacuole
    Answer: B

  17. DNA stands for
    A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid B. Direct Nuclear Acid C. Digital Natural Acid D. Deoxygenated Acid
    Answer: A

  18. Evolution is
    A. sudden change B. gradual change in organisms C. death D. reproduction
    Answer: B

  19. Adaptation helps organisms to
    A. die faster B. survive C. stop breathing D. stop growing
    Answer: B

  20. Desert animals conserve
    A. food B. water C. oxygen D. light
    Answer: B

  21. Camels store fat in
    A. hump B. legs C. head D. tail
    Answer: A

  22. Plants in desert reduce water loss by
    A. large leaves B. small leaves C. no roots D. no stems
    Answer: B

  23. The study of structure of organisms is
    A. physiology B. anatomy C. ecology D. genetics
    Answer: B

  24. The study of functions of organs is
    A. anatomy B. physiology C. taxonomy D. ecology
    Answer: B

  25. The basic unit of heredity is
    A. nucleus B. gene C. cell wall D. tissue
    Answer: B

EXAM SUCCESS TIPS

  • Study diagrams of plant and animal cells
  • Memorize key biological terms
  • Practice past NECO questions regularly
  • Understand life processes (respiration, photosynthesis)
  • Learn classification of organisms
  • Revise ecology and food chains
  • Focus on human body systems
  • Practice CBT timing and accuracy
  • Use textbooks and past questions together
  • Stay consistent with revision schedule

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