JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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JAMB Economics Past Questions and Answers (CBT Practice)

 

Introduction

Economics in JAMB (UTME) focuses on the study of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. It covers microeconomics, macroeconomics, money and banking, public finance, international trade, and economic development. Success in Economics requires understanding key concepts, graphs, calculations, and consistent CBT practice. This set contains 100 JAMB-standard objective questions with properly shuffled options A–D and correct answers.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Instruction: Choose the correct option A–D.

1–25: Basic Economic Concepts

  1. Economics is the study of how
    A. governments make laws B. scarce resources are allocated C. plants grow D. machines operate
    Answer: B

  2. Scarcity means
    A. unlimited resources B. limited resources relative to wants C. lack of money only D. poverty
    Answer: B

  3. Opportunity cost is the
    A. market price of a good B. next best alternative forgone C. cost of transport D. cost of production only
    Answer: B

  4. Human wants are generally
    A. limited B. unlimited C. fixed D. decreasing
    Answer: B

  5. The basic economic problem is
    A. inflation B. scarcity C. unemployment D. taxation
    Answer: B

  6. A commodity is anything that satisfies
    A. government B. human wants C. producers only D. banks only
    Answer: B

  7. Utility means
    A. profit B. satisfaction derived from consumption C. production cost D. revenue
    Answer: B

  8. Production is the creation of
    A. money B. utility C. taxes D. inflation
    Answer: B

  9. The reward for land is
    A. wages B. interest C. rent D. profit
    Answer: C

  10. The reward for labour is
    A. rent B. wages C. profit D. interest
    Answer: B

  11. The reward for capital is
    A. rent B. wages C. interest D. salary
    Answer: C

  12. The reward for entrepreneurship is
    A. rent B. interest C. profit D. wages
    Answer: C

  13. Which is not a factor of production?
    A. Labour B. Capital C. Land D. Currency
    Answer: D

  14. Labour refers to
    A. natural resources B. human effort in production C. machinery D. buildings
    Answer: B

  15. Capital in economics means
    A. city of a country B. man-made assets used for production C. cash only D. profits only
    Answer: B

  16. Land includes
    A. soil only B. all natural resources C. buildings only D. machinery
    Answer: B

  17. Microeconomics studies
    A. economy as a whole B. individual units of the economy C. international trade only D. population growth
    Answer: B

  18. Macroeconomics studies
    A. consumers only B. economy as a whole C. firms only D. households only
    Answer: B

  19. Consumption means
    A. production of goods B. use of goods and services C. distribution only D. exchange only
    Answer: B

  20. Saving is
    A. spending income B. part of income not consumed C. borrowing money D. investment only
    Answer: B

  21. Investment refers to
    A. purchase of productive assets B. spending on food C. taxation D. borrowing
    Answer: A

  22. Economic system based on private ownership is
    A. socialism B. capitalism C. communism D. feudalism
    Answer: B

  23. Economic system based on state ownership is
    A. capitalism B. socialism C. mixed economy D. market economy
    Answer: B

  24. Mixed economy combines
    A. capitalism and socialism B. monarchy and democracy C. exports and imports D. taxation and budgeting
    Answer: A

  25. Scale of preference means
    A. ranking wants in order of importance B. measuring income C. setting prices D. producing goods
    Answer: A

26–50: Demand, Supply and Market Structure

  1. Demand is the willingness and ability to
    A. produce goods B. buy goods C. sell goods D. distribute goods
    Answer: B

  2. Law of demand states that price and quantity demanded are
    A. directly related B. inversely related C. equal D. unrelated
    Answer: B

  3. Supply is the willingness and ability to
    A. buy goods B. consume goods C. sell goods D. import goods
    Answer: C

  4. Law of supply states that price and quantity supplied are
    A. inversely related B. directly related C. equal D. unrelated
    Answer: B

  5. Equilibrium price is where
    A. demand exceeds supply B. supply exceeds demand C. demand equals supply D. price is highest
    Answer: C

  6. Excess demand leads to
    A. surplus B. shortage C. equilibrium D. stability
    Answer: B

  7. Excess supply leads to
    A. shortage B. surplus C. scarcity D. inflation
    Answer: B

  8. Demand curve normally slopes
    A. upward B. downward C. vertically D. horizontally
    Answer: B

  9. Supply curve normally slopes
    A. downward B. upward C. vertically D. horizontally
    Answer: B

  10. Price elasticity of demand measures responsiveness of
    A. supply to income B. demand to price changes C. production to cost D. tax to revenue
    Answer: B

  11. A market with one seller is called
    A. oligopoly B. monopoly C. duopoly D. perfect competition
    Answer: B

  12. A market with many buyers and sellers is
    A. monopoly B. oligopoly C. perfect competition D. duopoly
    Answer: C

  13. Oligopoly is characterized by
    A. one seller B. few sellers C. many sellers D. no sellers
    Answer: B

  14. Monopolistic competition combines
    A. competition and product differentiation B. state control C. monopoly only D. socialism
    Answer: A

  15. Market is a place where
    A. goods are produced only B. buyers and sellers interact C. taxes are collected D. laws are made
    Answer: B

  16. Consumer sovereignty means
    A. government controls production B. consumers influence production through purchases C. producers rule consumers D. banks control markets
    Answer: B

  17. Middlemen help in
    A. production only B. distribution of goods C. taxation D. legislation
    Answer: B

  18. Retailers sell goods to
    A. wholesalers B. consumers C. manufacturers D. exporters
    Answer: B

  19. Wholesalers buy mainly from
    A. consumers B. manufacturers C. retailers D. banks
    Answer: B

  20. Advertising aims to
    A. reduce demand B. increase sales C. reduce supply D. stop production
    Answer: B

  21. A rise in consumer income may increase demand for
    A. normal goods B. inferior goods only C. taxes D. exports only
    Answer: A

  22. Inferior goods are goods whose demand falls when
    A. price falls B. income rises C. supply rises D. tax increases
    Answer: B

  23. Complementary goods are goods used
    A. independently B. together C. competitively D. internationally
    Answer: B

  24. Substitute goods can replace
    A. each other B. producers C. markets D. taxes
    Answer: A

  25. The price mechanism operates mainly in
    A. command economy B. market economy C. socialist economy D. traditional economy
    Answer: B

51–100: Money, Banking, Public Finance and International Trade

  1. Money serves as a
    A. medium of exchange B. tax only C. commodity only D. liability only
    Answer: A

  2. One function of money is
    A. store of value B. creating scarcity C. reducing production D. increasing unemployment
    Answer: A

  3. Legal tender is
    A. foreign currency only B. money accepted by law C. gold only D. cheque only
    Answer: B

  4. Central Bank of Nigeria is known as
    A. CBN B. NNPC C. NDIC D. BOI
    Answer: A

  5. The apex bank in Nigeria is the
    A. commercial bank B. central bank C. merchant bank D. mortgage bank
    Answer: B

  6. Commercial banks accept
    A. deposits from the public B. taxes only C. exports only D. government budgets
    Answer: A

  7. Inflation is a sustained increase in
    A. production B. general price level C. wages only D. exports only
    Answer: B

  8. Deflation is a sustained
    A. rise in prices B. fall in prices C. rise in taxes D. fall in exports
    Answer: B

  9. Inflation reduces the purchasing power of
    A. money B. labour C. capital D. land
    Answer: A

  10. Unemployment means
    A. working part-time B. inability to find work despite willingness C. retirement D. promotion
    Answer: B

  11. Budget is
    A. government revenue only B. estimate of income and expenditure C. tax law D. foreign aid
    Answer: B

  12. Tax is a
    A. voluntary payment B. compulsory levy C. donation D. loan
    Answer: B

  13. Direct tax is imposed on
    A. income and profits B. goods only C. imports only D. exports only
    Answer: A

  14. VAT stands for
    A. Value Added Tax B. Variable Annual Tax C. Value Assessment Tariff D. Volume Added Tax
    Answer: A

  15. Government expenditure can be
    A. recurrent and capital B. direct and indirect only C. local and foreign only D. public and private only
    Answer: A

  16. Public debt refers to
    A. private borrowing B. government borrowing C. household borrowing D. business borrowing
    Answer: B

  17. Balance of trade is the difference between
    A. imports and exports B. taxes and expenditure C. saving and investment D. wages and profits
    Answer: A

  18. Export means
    A. buying from abroad B. selling to other countries C. local trade only D. taxation
    Answer: B

  19. Import means
    A. buying from abroad B. selling abroad C. local production D. investment
    Answer: A

  20. Tariff is a tax on
    A. income B. imports C. wages D. profits
    Answer: B

  21. Exchange rate is the price of
    A. exports B. one currency in terms of another C. goods only D. labour only
    Answer: B

  22. Devaluation makes exports
    A. less competitive B. more competitive C. unchanged D. illegal
    Answer: B

  23. Economic development involves
    A. growth only B. improvement in living standards C. taxation only D. inflation only
    Answer: B

  24. GDP stands for
    A. Gross Domestic Product B. General Development Plan C. Gross Distribution Price D. Government Domestic Policy
    Answer: A

  25. National income is the total
    A. tax revenue B. value of goods and services produced C. imports only D. exports only
    Answer: B

  26. Per capita income is
    A. national income divided by population B. tax divided by income C. GDP minus exports D. revenue divided by imports
    Answer: A

  27. Population census is conducted to determine
    A. trade balance B. population size C. inflation rate D. exchange rate
    Answer: B

  28. Economic planning aims at
    A. reducing development B. achieving economic goals C. increasing scarcity D. reducing production
    Answer: B

  29. Agriculture provides
    A. raw materials B. food C. employment D. all of the above
    Answer: D

  30. Industrialization promotes
    A. economic growth B. unemployment only C. inflation only D. population decline
    Answer: A

  31. Capital formation refers to
    A. increase in productive assets B. tax collection C. borrowing only D. population growth
    Answer: A

  32. Foreign aid is assistance from
    A. local firms B. other countries or organizations C. households D. retailers
    Answer: B

  33. IMF stands for
    A. International Monetary Fund B. International Market Federation C. Internal Monetary Fund D. International Money Forum
    Answer: A

  34. World Bank assists mainly in
    A. development financing B. military support C. elections D. taxation
    Answer: A

  35. ECOWAS promotes
    A. regional economic cooperation B. war C. inflation D. unemployment
    Answer: A

  36. Productivity is output per
    A. unit of input B. consumer C. exporter D. retailer
    Answer: A

  37. Economic growth means
    A. increase in output B. decrease in output C. higher taxes only D. lower wages only
    Answer: A

  38. Poverty means
    A. excess wealth B. inability to meet basic needs C. inflation only D. taxation only
    Answer: B

  39. Entrepreneurship involves
    A. risk-taking in business B. taxation C. voting D. legislation
    Answer: A

  40. Revenue is
    A. total income received B. total expenditure C. tax only D. profit only
    Answer: A

  41. Profit equals
    A. revenue minus cost B. cost minus revenue C. revenue plus cost D. tax minus revenue
    Answer: A

  42. Fixed cost does not vary with
    A. output level B. production C. sales D. revenue
    Answer: A

  43. Variable cost changes with
    A. output level B. tax rate C. exchange rate D. population
    Answer: A

  44. Economic recession is a period of
    A. declining economic activity B. rapid growth C. inflation only D. full employment
    Answer: A

  45. Full employment means
    A. everyone has jobs B. all willing and able workers can find jobs C. no unemployment exists at all D. government employs everyone
    Answer: B

  46. Demand-pull inflation results from
    A. excess demand B. excess supply C. low production only D. imports only
    Answer: A

  47. Cost-push inflation results from
    A. rising production costs B. falling costs C. low demand D. excess exports
    Answer: A

  48. Consumer Price Index measures
    A. inflation B. GDP C. population D. exports
    Answer: A

  49. The primary objective of economics is efficient use of
    A. scarce resources B. votes C. taxes D. laws
    Answer: A

  50. Economics helps society to
    A. make rational choices B. eliminate wants completely C. stop production D. prevent trade
    Answer: A

EXAM SUCCESS TIPS

  • Master demand and supply concepts
  • Study market structures carefully
  • Understand money and banking topics
  • Learn national income calculations
  • Revise inflation and unemployment concepts
  • Practice graphs and interpretations
  • Study international trade thoroughly
  • Solve past JAMB CBT questions regularly
  • Memorize key economic terms and definitions
  • Practice under timed examination conditions

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