JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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NECO Chemistry Past Questions and Answers

 

Introduction

Chemistry is a core science subject in the NECO Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE). It focuses on the study of matter, its composition, properties, and the changes it undergoes. Key areas include atomic structure, periodic table, chemical bonding, acids and bases, organic chemistry, and electrolysis. Success in Chemistry requires understanding concepts, memorizing key facts, and solving calculations regularly. This set provides 100 NECO-standard objective questions with well-shuffled answers across options A–D.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Instruction: Choose the correct option A–D.

1–25: Atomic Structure and Basic Chemistry

  1. The smallest particle of an element is the
    A. molecule B. atom C. compound D. ion
    Answer: B

  2. Protons are found in the
    A. nucleus B. shell C. orbit D. molecule
    Answer: A

  3. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in the
    A. nucleus B. shell C. proton D. neutron
    Answer: B

  4. Neutrons have
    A. positive charge B. negative charge C. no charge D. double charge
    Answer: C

  5. Atomic number is the number of
    A. neutrons B. electrons only C. protons D. nucleons
    Answer: C

  6. Mass number is the sum of
    A. protons only B. neutrons only C. protons and neutrons D. electrons and protons
    Answer: C

  7. Isotopes are atoms with same
    A. mass number B. atomic number C. neutrons only D. electrons only
    Answer: B

  8. Relative atomic mass is the
    A. mass of atom compared to carbon-12 B. number of neutrons C. number of electrons D. volume of atom
    Answer: A

  9. An ion is a
    A. neutral atom B. charged atom C. molecule D. compound
    Answer: B

  10. A cation is a
    A. negative ion B. positive ion C. neutral atom D. gas molecule
    Answer: B

  11. An anion is a
    A. positive ion B. negative ion C. neutral atom D. proton
    Answer: B

  12. The periodic table was arranged by
    A. Newton B. Mendeleev C. Dalton D. Bohr
    Answer: B

  13. Elements in the same group have same number of
    A. protons B. neutrons C. valence electrons D. shells
    Answer: C

  14. Periods in periodic table represent number of
    A. neutrons B. shells C. protons D. molecules
    Answer: B

  15. A metal is generally
    A. brittle B. good conductor C. poor conductor D. gas
    Answer: B

  16. Non-metals are usually
    A. shiny B. malleable C. poor conductors D. ductile
    Answer: C

  17. Metalloids have properties of
    A. metals only B. non-metals only C. both metals and non-metals D. gases
    Answer: C

  18. The most reactive group of metals is
    A. group 1 B. group 2 C. group 7 D. group 8
    Answer: A

  19. Halogens are found in
    A. group 1 B. group 2 C. group 7 D. group 0
    Answer: C

  20. Noble gases are
    A. very reactive B. slightly reactive C. inert D. acidic
    Answer: C

  21. The electronic configuration of sodium is
    A. 2,8,1 B. 2,7,1 C. 2,8,2 D. 2,6,1
    Answer: A

  22. The number of electrons in a neutral atom equals
    A. neutrons B. protons C. mass number D. shells
    Answer: B

  23. The nucleus contains
    A. electrons only B. protons and neutrons C. electrons and neutrons D. protons only
    Answer: B

  24. The charge of a proton is
    A. negative B. positive C. neutral D. zero
    Answer: B

  25. The charge of an electron is
    A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. zero
    Answer: B

26–50: Chemical Bonding and Reactions

  1. A chemical bond is a force that
    A. destroys atoms B. holds atoms together C. creates energy D. separates molecules
    Answer: B

  2. Ionic bond is formed by
    A. sharing electrons B. transfer of electrons C. neutron exchange D. proton exchange
    Answer: B

  3. Covalent bond involves
    A. transfer of electrons B. sharing of electrons C. loss of neutrons D. gain of protons
    Answer: B

  4. Sodium chloride is
    A. covalent compound B. ionic compound C. metallic compound D. acidic compound
    Answer: B

  5. Water is
    A. ionic B. covalent C. metallic D. nuclear
    Answer: B

  6. A molecule is
    A. single atom B. group of atoms bonded together C. proton D. neutron
    Answer: B

  7. Chemical change involves
    A. new substance formation B. shape change only C. size change only D. no reaction
    Answer: A

  8. Physical change involves
    A. new substance B. no new substance C. nuclear change D. bonding change
    Answer: B

  9. Combustion is
    A. freezing B. burning C. melting D. dissolving
    Answer: B

  10. Oxygen supports
    A. rusting only B. combustion C. freezing D. evaporation
    Answer: B

  11. Rusting requires
    A. oxygen and water B. nitrogen only C. helium D. carbon dioxide
    Answer: A

  12. Catalyst is a substance that
    A. slows reaction B. speeds reaction C. stops reaction D. changes product
    Answer: B

  13. Enzymes are biological
    A. metals B. catalysts C. acids D. salts
    Answer: B

  14. Exothermic reaction releases
    A. cold B. heat C. salt D. gas only
    Answer: B

  15. Endothermic reaction absorbs
    A. heat B. light only C. sound D. water
    Answer: A

  16. Acid tastes
    A. bitter B. sour C. salty D. sweet
    Answer: B

  17. Base tastes
    A. sour B. bitter C. sweet D. salty
    Answer: B

  18. pH of acid is
    A. above 7 B. below 7 C. equal 7 D. zero
    Answer: B

  19. pH of base is
    A. below 7 B. above 7 C. equal 7 D. negative
    Answer: B

  20. Neutral pH is
    A. 14 B. 1 C. 7 D. 0
    Answer: C

  21. Acid + base produces
    A. salt and water B. gas only C. metal D. oxygen
    Answer: A

  22. Indicator used in titration is
    A. water B. litmus C. salt D. metal
    Answer: B

  23. Universal indicator shows
    A. color change for pH B. temperature C. pressure D. mass
    Answer: A

  24. Strong acid completely
    A. dissolves B. ionizes C. freezes D. evaporates
    Answer: B

  25. Weak acid partially
    A. ionizes B. burns C. freezes D. melts
    Answer: A

51–75: Organic Chemistry and Air

  1. Organic chemistry studies
    A. metals B. carbon compounds C. salts D. gases
    Answer: B

  2. Hydrocarbons contain
    A. oxygen only B. hydrogen and carbon C. nitrogen only D. sulfur only
    Answer: B

  3. Alkanes are
    A. unsaturated B. saturated C. acidic D. metallic
    Answer: B

  4. Methane is
    A. C₂H₆ B. CH₄ C. CO₂ D. C₂H₄
    Answer: B

  5. Ethene is
    A. alkane B. alkene C. alkyne D. acid
    Answer: B

  6. Air contains highest percentage of
    A. oxygen B. nitrogen C. carbon dioxide D. hydrogen
    Answer: B

  7. Oxygen in air is about
    A. 78% B. 21% C. 1% D. 50%
    Answer: B

  8. Carbon dioxide is used in
    A. photosynthesis B. respiration C. burning D. freezing
    Answer: A

  9. Air pollution is caused by
    A. trees B. smoke C. oxygen D. water
    Answer: B

  10. Acid rain is caused by
    A. oxygen B. sulfur dioxide C. nitrogen D. helium
    Answer: B

  11. Fractional distillation separates
    A. solids B. liquids C. gases only D. metals
    Answer: B

  12. Crude oil is separated by
    A. filtration B. fractional distillation C. evaporation D. melting
    Answer: B

  13. Petroleum is a mixture of
    A. gases only B. hydrocarbons C. salts D. metals
    Answer: B

  14. LPG stands for
    A. Liquid Petroleum Gas B. Light Power Gas C. Low Pressure Gas D. Liquid Power Gas
    Answer: A

  15. Petrol is used as
    A. fuel B. fertilizer C. acid D. base
    Answer: A

  16. Oxygen supports
    A. rusting only B. combustion C. freezing D. dissolving
    Answer: B

  17. Nitrogen is used in
    A. fertilization B. burning C. rusting D. melting
    Answer: A

  18. Water vapor in air causes
    A. dryness B. humidity C. pressure D. acidity
    Answer: B

  19. Dry ice is
    A. solid oxygen B. solid carbon dioxide C. solid nitrogen D. ice water
    Answer: B

  20. Ozone layer protects from
    A. heat B. UV rays C. rain D. wind
    Answer: B

  21. Global warming is caused by
    A. oxygen B. greenhouse gases C. nitrogen D. helium
    Answer: B

  22. Catalyst in Haber process is
    A. iron B. copper C. zinc D. sodium
    Answer: A

  23. Haber process produces
    A. oxygen B. ammonia C. hydrogen D. methane
    Answer: B

  24. Fertilizers improve
    A. soil fertility B. air quality C. water level D. pressure
    Answer: A

  25. Detergents are used for
    A. cooking B. cleaning C. burning D. freezing
    Answer: B

76–100: Mixed Revision

  1. Electrolysis is the decomposition of compounds using
    A. heat B. electricity C. light D. sound
    Answer: B

  2. Electrolyte is a substance that
    A. conducts electricity B. blocks electricity C. melts metal D. freezes water
    Answer: A

  3. Anode is
    A. negative electrode B. positive electrode C. neutral point D. gas
    Answer: B

  4. Cathode is
    A. positive electrode B. negative electrode C. acid D. base
    Answer: B

  5. Hydrogen is produced at
    A. anode B. cathode C. both D. none
    Answer: B

  6. Oxygen is produced at
    A. cathode B. anode C. nucleus D. electrode
    Answer: B

  7. Faraday is unit of
    A. charge B. mass C. force D. energy
    Answer: A

  8. Atomic mass unit is
    A. kg B. u C. N D. J
    Answer: B

  9. Avogadro’s number is
    A. 6.02×10²³ B. 3.14 C. 9.8 D. 1.6×10⁻¹⁹
    Answer: A

  10. Mole is unit of
    A. mass B. amount of substance C. energy D. volume
    Answer: B

  11. Molar mass is measured in
    A. g/mol B. kg C. N D. m/s
    Answer: A

  12. Concentration is
    A. mass/volume B. force/area C. energy/time D. volume/mass
    Answer: A

  13. Titration is used to find
    A. volume only B. concentration C. mass D. temperature
    Answer: B

  14. Salt is formed from
    A. acid only B. base only C. acid and base D. metal only
    Answer: C

  15. Water is
    A. acid B. base C. neutral D. salt
    Answer: C

  16. Electroplating is used to
    A. clean water B. coat metals C. burn fuel D. melt solids
    Answer: B

  17. Rust is
    A. iron oxide B. copper oxide C. carbon dioxide D. salt
    Answer: A

  18. Drying agent removes
    A. oxygen B. water C. salt D. gas
    Answer: B

  19. Distillation is used to
    A. mix substances B. separate liquids C. burn gases D. freeze water
    Answer: B

  20. Filtration separates
    A. solids from liquids B. gases C. acids D. metals
    Answer: A

  21. Evaporation causes
    A. cooling B. heating C. melting D. freezing
    Answer: A

  22. Sublimation is change from
    A. solid to gas B. gas to liquid C. liquid to solid D. gas to solid
    Answer: A

  23. Chemical equation must be
    A. unbalanced B. balanced C. random D. broken
    Answer: B

  24. Law of conservation of mass states mass is
    A. created B. destroyed C. constant D. changing
    Answer: C

  25. Chemistry is the study of
    A. planets B. matter and its changes C. animals D. electricity
    Answer: B

EXAM SUCCESS TIPS

  • Master the periodic table and trends
  • Learn chemical formulas and equations
  • Practice balancing equations daily
  • Understand mole concept and calculations
  • Revise acids, bases, and salts
  • Study organic chemistry basics
  • Practice electrolysis and redox reactions
  • Memorize gas laws and processes
  • Solve past NECO questions regularly
  • Stay consistent with revision and practice

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