JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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NECO Commerce Past Questions and Answers

 

Introduction

Commerce is a subject in the NECO Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) that deals with trade and the exchange of goods and services. It covers topics such as business organizations, production, marketing, banking, transportation, insurance, and foreign trade. Understanding Commerce helps students learn how businesses operate in the economy. Success in Commerce requires mastering definitions, concepts, and functions of business activities. This set contains 100 NECO-standard objective questions with properly shuffled options A–D.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Instruction: Choose the correct option A–D.

1–25: Basic Commerce Concepts

  1. Commerce is the study of
    A. farming activities B. trade and distribution of goods and services C. weather changes D. political systems
    Answer: B

  2. Trade means
    A. production only B. buying and selling of goods and services C. storage of goods D. transportation only
    Answer: B

  3. A commodity is
    A. a service only B. anything that can be bought or sold C. a law D. a machine only
    Answer: B

  4. Production is
    A. consumption of goods B. creation of goods and services C. selling only D. advertising only
    Answer: B

  5. Consumption is
    A. buying goods B. using goods and services C. storing goods D. transporting goods
    Answer: B

  6. Exchange is
    A. production B. transfer of goods/services for value C. farming D. saving money
    Answer: B

  7. Barter system is
    A. use of money B. exchange of goods for goods C. banking system D. transport system
    Answer: B

  8. Money was introduced to solve problems of
    A. production B. barter system C. trade unions D. taxation
    Answer: B

  9. A consumer is
    A. producer B. person who uses goods/services C. seller only D. banker
    Answer: B

  10. A producer is
    A. person who uses goods B. person who creates goods/services C. buyer only D. transporter
    Answer: B

  11. Utility means
    A. damage B. satisfaction from goods/services C. loss D. debt
    Answer: B

  12. Demand is
    A. willingness to buy B. willingness and ability to buy C. production level D. supply level
    Answer: B

  13. Supply is
    A. willingness to sell B. willingness and ability to sell C. buying process D. consumption
    Answer: B

  14. Price is
    A. cost of goods in money terms B. weight of goods C. quantity of goods D. transport cost only
    Answer: A

  15. Market is
    A. place of production B. where buyers and sellers meet C. storage house D. factory only
    Answer: B

  16. Equilibrium price is
    A. highest price B. price where demand equals supply C. lowest price D. fixed tax
    Answer: B

  17. Business refers to
    A. non-profit activities only B. production and distribution for profit C. farming only D. teaching only
    Answer: B

  18. Entrepreneur is
    A. worker B. risk taker who starts business C. customer D. banker
    Answer: B

  19. Capital refers to
    A. labour only B. money and assets used in business C. land only D. profit only
    Answer: B

  20. Labour means
    A. machines B. human effort in production C. land D. capital
    Answer: B

  21. Land in economics means
    A. buildings only B. natural resources C. money D. labour
    Answer: B

  22. Profit is
    A. loss B. excess of revenue over cost C. cost only D. tax
    Answer: B

  23. Loss is
    A. profit B. excess of cost over revenue C. income D. savings
    Answer: B

  24. Commerce helps to
    A. reduce trade B. distribute goods and services C. stop production D. increase poverty
    Answer: B

  25. Home trade is
    A. international trade B. trade within a country C. sea trade only D. air transport only
    Answer: B

26–50: Business Organization & Trade

  1. Foreign trade is
    A. local trade B. trade between countries C. street selling D. factory work
    Answer: B

  2. Import means
    A. selling abroad B. buying from other countries C. producing goods D. storing goods
    Answer: B

  3. Export means
    A. buying goods B. selling to other countries C. consuming goods D. wasting goods
    Answer: B

  4. Entrepot trade is
    A. local trade B. import and re-export C. retail trade D. production only
    Answer: B

  5. Wholesale trade is
    A. selling in small quantities B. selling in large quantities C. production D. consumption
    Answer: B

  6. Retail trade is
    A. bulk selling B. selling to final consumers C. import trade D. export trade
    Answer: B

  7. Sole proprietorship is owned by
    A. government B. one person C. many shareholders D. cooperatives
    Answer: B

  8. Partnership is business owned by
    A. one person B. two or more persons C. government D. foreign companies only
    Answer: B

  9. Limited liability means
    A. unlimited debt B. liability limited to investment C. no ownership D. free business
    Answer: B

  10. Public company is owned by
    A. one person B. shareholders C. government only D. farmers
    Answer: B

  11. Cooperative society is owned by
    A. government B. members C. banks D. foreigners
    Answer: B

  12. Joint venture is
    A. one business B. two or more firms working together C. farming system D. trade union
    Answer: B

  13. Franchise is
    A. illegal business B. right to use another company’s name C. tax system D. loan system
    Answer: B

  14. Business organization helps to
    A. reduce production B. organize production and trade C. increase poverty D. stop marketing
    Answer: B

  15. Limited liability company is also called
    A. PLC B. NGO C. UN D. IMF
    Answer: A

  16. Shares are
    A. loans B. units of ownership in a company C. taxes D. goods
    Answer: B

  17. Dividend is
    A. loss B. profit shared to shareholders C. salary D. tax
    Answer: B

  18. Stock exchange deals with
    A. farming B. buying and selling of shares C. transport D. education
    Answer: B

  19. Capital market deals with
    A. short-term loans B. long-term funds C. food supply D. labour only
    Answer: B

  20. Money market deals with
    A. long-term funds B. short-term funds C. land D. labour
    Answer: B

  21. Business expansion means
    A. shrinking business B. increasing business size C. closing business D. reducing profit
    Answer: B

  22. Sole trader has
    A. shared ownership B. full control C. government control D. foreign control
    Answer: B

  23. Partnership agreement is called
    A. license B. deed C. tax form D. invoice
    Answer: B

  24. Sleeping partner is one who
    A. manages business B. invests but does not manage C. works full-time D. buys goods
    Answer: B

  25. Active partner is one who
    A. does nothing B. manages business C. only invests money D. works elsewhere
    Answer: B

51–75: Aids to Trade and Business Services

  1. Transportation helps to
    A. produce goods B. move goods from place to place C. store goods D. destroy goods
    Answer: B

  2. Communication helps to
    A. stop trade B. exchange information C. reduce production D. increase tax
    Answer: B

  3. Banking provides
    A. farming services B. financial services C. transport services D. education
    Answer: B

  4. Insurance protects against
    A. profit B. risk and loss C. savings D. trade
    Answer: B

  5. Warehousing is for
    A. selling goods B. storing goods C. producing goods D. consuming goods
    Answer: B

  6. Advertising is used to
    A. hide products B. promote products C. destroy goods D. store goods
    Answer: B

  7. Wholesalers sell to
    A. consumers B. retailers C. farmers D. banks
    Answer: B

  8. Retailers sell to
    A. producers B. final consumers C. exporters D. importers
    Answer: B

  9. Invoice is
    A. receipt of goods B. bill of goods sold C. tax document D. contract
    Answer: B

  10. Receipt is proof of
    A. debt B. payment C. loan D. tax
    Answer: B

  11. Trade association is
    A. government body B. group of traders C. school group D. bank
    Answer: B

  12. Chamber of commerce supports
    A. farmers B. business activities C. schools D. hospitals
    Answer: B

  13. Customs duty is tax on
    A. income B. imported goods C. land D. labour
    Answer: B

  14. Subsidy is
    A. tax increase B. government support to producers C. loan repayment D. fine
    Answer: B

  15. Tariff is
    A. price of labour B. tax on imports C. export bonus D. salary
    Answer: B

  16. Balance of trade compares
    A. wages B. exports and imports C. population D. land
    Answer: B

  17. Favorable balance of trade means
    A. imports > exports B. exports > imports C. equal trade D. no trade
    Answer: B

  18. Unfavorable balance of trade means
    A. exports > imports B. imports > exports C. no trade D. equal trade
    Answer: B

  19. Economic development means
    A. decline B. improvement in economy C. inflation only D. trade stop
    Answer: B

  20. Inflation means
    A. fall in price B. rise in general price level C. stable price D. no money
    Answer: B

  21. Deflation is
    A. price increase B. price decrease C. trade growth D. tax increase
    Answer: B

  22. Currency is
    A. goods B. money of a country C. land D. labour
    Answer: B

  23. Exchange rate is
    A. price of goods B. value of one currency against another C. tax rate D. salary rate
    Answer: B

  24. E-commerce is
    A. farming online B. buying and selling online C. transport system D. banking only
    Answer: B

  25. Marketing involves
    A. hiding products B. promoting and selling goods C. destroying goods D. storing only
    Answer: B

76–100: Revision & Application

  1. Profit maximization means
    A. reducing sales B. increasing profit C. increasing loss D. stopping business
    Answer: B

  2. Business risk means
    A. guaranteed success B. uncertainty in business C. fixed profit D. no trade
    Answer: B

  3. Bankruptcy is
    A. profit increase B. inability to pay debts C. tax payment D. saving money
    Answer: B

  4. Credit means
    A. cash payment B. buying now and paying later C. donation D. theft
    Answer: B

  5. Debit means
    A. increase in account B. decrease in account C. profit D. interest
    Answer: B

  6. Interest is
    A. loan fee B. profit on money borrowed C. tax D. loss
    Answer: B

  7. Simple interest is calculated on
    A. principal only B. principal + interest C. profit only D. tax only
    Answer: A

  8. Bank overdraft means
    A. saving money B. withdrawing more than balance C. depositing money D. closing account
    Answer: B

  9. Current account allows
    A. no withdrawal B. many transactions C. farming D. trade ban
    Answer: B

  10. Savings account encourages
    A. spending B. saving money C. borrowing D. waste
    Answer: B

  11. Cheque is
    A. cash note B. written order to bank C. goods receipt D. tax form
    Answer: B

  12. ATM is used for
    A. farming B. cash withdrawal C. cooking D. transport
    Answer: B

  13. E-banking means
    A. manual banking B. electronic banking C. farming banking D. trade banking
    Answer: B

  14. Business ethics means
    A. cheating B. moral behavior in business C. theft D. corruption
    Answer: B

  15. Consumer protection ensures
    A. fraud B. safety of buyers C. monopoly D. inflation
    Answer: B

  16. Monopoly is
    A. many sellers B. single seller C. no seller D. government only
    Answer: B

  17. Perfect competition has
    A. one seller B. many buyers and sellers C. no market D. monopoly
    Answer: B

  18. Price control is done by
    A. traders B. government C. farmers D. students
    Answer: B

  19. Minimum price is
    A. highest price B. lowest legal price C. average price D. market price only
    Answer: B

  20. Maximum price is
    A. highest legal price B. lowest price C. free price D. no price
    Answer: A

  21. Demand increases when price
    A. increases B. decreases C. remains same always D. disappears
    Answer: B

  22. Supply increases when price
    A. decreases B. increases C. stops D. disappears
    Answer: B

  23. Economic system is
    A. farming method B. way economy is organized C. transport system D. education system
    Answer: B

  24. Mixed economy combines
    A. capitalism only B. private and public ownership C. farming only D. trade only
    Answer: B

  25. Commerce is important for
    A. blocking trade B. economic growth C. poverty increase D. war
    Answer: B

EXAM SUCCESS TIPS

  • Understand basic commerce definitions clearly
  • Learn differences between trade, business, and production
  • Memorize types of business organizations
  • Study aids to trade (banking, transport, insurance)
  • Practice past NECO questions regularly
  • Understand import and export concepts
  • Revise marketing and advertising principles
  • Learn economic systems and pricing
  • Focus on banking and financial terms
  • Practice consistently for better retention

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