JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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NECO Government Past Questions and Answers

 

Introduction

Government is a social science subject in the NECO Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE). It deals with the study of political institutions, governance, laws, political ideologies, and how societies are organized and administered. Key topics include democracy, constitution, separation of powers, electoral systems, citizenship, and international organizations. Success in Government requires understanding definitions, systems of governance, and current civic principles. This set contains 100 NECO-standard objective questions with properly shuffled options A–D.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Instruction: Choose the correct option A–D.

1–25: Basic Concepts of Government

  1. Government is
    A. farming system B. system of ruling a state C. economic trade D. religious system
    Answer: B

  2. A state is made up of
    A. crops and animals B. people, government, territory and sovereignty C. only leaders D. schools only
    Answer: B

  3. Sovereignty means
    A. foreign control B. supreme power of a state C. military rule only D. election system
    Answer: B

  4. Constitution is
    A. a song B. fundamental laws of a state C. market rule D. tax system
    Answer: B

  5. Democracy means
    A. rule by kings B. rule by the people C. military rule D. religious rule
    Answer: B

  6. Autocracy is
    A. rule by many B. rule by one person C. rule by judges D. rule by farmers
    Answer: B

  7. Oligarchy is rule by
    A. one person B. few people C. all citizens D. soldiers only
    Answer: B

  8. Monarchy is rule by
    A. president B. king or queen C. judge D. governor only
    Answer: B

  9. Direct democracy means
    A. citizens vote directly B. representatives rule C. military rules D. judges rule
    Answer: A

  10. Indirect democracy is also called
    A. dictatorship B. representative democracy C. monarchy D. communism
    Answer: B

  11. A political party is
    A. army group B. organized group seeking political power C. school club D. religious group
    Answer: B

  12. One-party system means
    A. many parties B. one political party exists C. no party D. military rule
    Answer: B

  13. Two-party system means
    A. one party B. two dominant parties C. many parties only D. no parties
    Answer: B

  14. Multi-party system means
    A. one party B. two parties C. many parties D. no party
    Answer: C

  15. Franchise means
    A. voting right B. tax system C. law court D. trade system
    Answer: A

  16. Suffrage means
    A. voting right B. punishment C. military service D. taxation
    Answer: A

  17. Citizenship refers to
    A. farming rights B. membership of a state C. school system D. trade license
    Answer: B

  18. A citizen is
    A. foreign visitor B. legal member of a state C. tourist only D. trader
    Answer: B

  19. Alien refers to
    A. citizen B. foreigner living in a country C. president D. soldier
    Answer: B

  20. Naturalization is
    A. birth process B. becoming a citizen legally C. voting system D. law making
    Answer: B

  21. Constitution can be
    A. only written B. written or unwritten C. only oral D. only foreign
    Answer: B

  22. Rule of law means
    A. rule by soldiers B. everyone obeys the law C. no law exists D. kings rule freely
    Answer: B

  23. Separation of powers was proposed by
    A. Marx B. Montesquieu C. Lenin D. Plato
    Answer: B

  24. The legislature makes
    A. laws B. crops C. money D. roads
    Answer: A

  25. The executive implements
    A. laws B. farming C. trade D. education only
    Answer: A

26–50: Arms of Government and Political Systems

  1. The judiciary interprets
    A. music B. laws C. crops D. trade
    Answer: B

  2. The head of executive in Nigeria is
    A. Senate President B. President C. Speaker D. Chief Judge
    Answer: B

  3. Parliament is another name for
    A. judiciary B. legislature C. executive D. police
    Answer: B

  4. Bicameral legislature means
    A. one chamber B. two chambers C. three chambers D. no chamber
    Answer: B

  5. Unicameral legislature has
    A. one chamber B. two chambers C. three chambers D. four chambers
    Answer: A

  6. Senate is part of
    A. executive B. legislature C. judiciary D. military
    Answer: B

  7. House of Representatives is part of
    A. judiciary B. legislature C. executive D. police
    Answer: B

  8. Chief Judge belongs to
    A. executive B. judiciary C. legislature D. police
    Answer: B

  9. Cabinet is made up of
    A. judges B. ministers C. soldiers D. students
    Answer: B

  10. Minister heads
    A. army B. ministry C. court D. school
    Answer: B

  11. Electoral system is method of
    A. teaching B. voting C. farming D. judging
    Answer: B

  12. Election is
    A. appointment B. selection by voting C. farming process D. punishment
    Answer: B

  13. Ballot means
    A. vote paper B. law book C. tax form D. school register
    Answer: A

  14. Secret ballot means
    A. open voting B. hidden voting choice C. group voting D. military voting
    Answer: B

  15. Electoral commission organizes
    A. farming B. elections C. courts D. markets
    Answer: B

  16. Democracy ensures
    A. dictatorship B. participation of citizens C. military rule D. monarchy
    Answer: B

  17. Political ideology is
    A. farming idea B. belief about governance C. trade rule D. school rule
    Answer: B

  18. Capitalism supports
    A. state ownership B. private ownership C. no ownership D. military rule
    Answer: B

  19. Socialism supports
    A. private ownership B. state ownership C. no laws D. monarchy
    Answer: B

  20. Communism is
    A. mixed system B. classless system C. democratic system D. capitalist system
    Answer: B

  21. Military rule is also called
    A. democracy B. dictatorship C. monarchy D. republic
    Answer: B

  22. Coup d’état is
    A. election B. sudden military takeover C. voting process D. law making
    Answer: B

  23. Constitution can be amended by
    A. citizens only B. legal procedure C. soldiers only D. traders
    Answer: B

  24. Federal system divides power between
    A. individuals and families B. central and regional governments C. schools D. markets
    Answer: B

  25. Unitary system has
    A. divided power B. central government only C. no government D. military only
    Answer: B

51–75: Citizenship, Rights and International Relations

  1. Fundamental human rights are
    A. privileges only B. basic rights of citizens C. taxes D. duties
    Answer: B

  2. Right to life means
    A. right to steal B. protection of life C. right to fight D. right to vote only
    Answer: B

  3. Right to vote is called
    A. suffrage B. taxation C. judiciary D. immigration
    Answer: A

  4. Civic responsibility includes
    A. stealing B. obeying laws C. corruption D. violence
    Answer: B

  5. Citizenship can be acquired by
    A. birth B. registration C. naturalization D. all of the above
    Answer: D

  6. A passport is
    A. school ID B. travel document C. bank card D. voting card
    Answer: B

  7. Immigration means
    A. leaving a country B. entering a country C. farming D. trading
    Answer: B

  8. Emigration means
    A. entering country B. leaving country C. voting D. judging
    Answer: B

  9. United Nations was formed in
    A. 1914 B. 1945 C. 1960 D. 2000
    Answer: B

  10. UN promotes
    A. war B. peace and cooperation C. farming D. trade only
    Answer: B

  11. ECOWAS is
    A. European group B. West African organization C. Asian union D. American union
    Answer: B

  12. ECOWAS promotes
    A. war B. economic integration C. isolation D. dictatorship
    Answer: B

  13. Diplomacy is
    A. war method B. peaceful negotiation C. farming system D. trade restriction
    Answer: B

  14. Ambassador represents
    A. school B. country abroad C. market D. church
    Answer: B

  15. Foreign policy is
    A. local law B. relations with other countries C. farming system D. school rule
    Answer: B

  16. National anthem represents
    A. food B. national identity C. tax system D. farming
    Answer: B

  17. National flag symbolizes
    A. trade B. country identity C. weather D. farming
    Answer: B

  18. Corruption is
    A. honesty B. misuse of power C. voting D. law making
    Answer: B

  19. Democracy encourages
    A. transparency B. secrecy only C. dictatorship D. violence
    Answer: A

  20. Good governance means
    A. bad leadership B. responsible leadership C. military rule D. chaos
    Answer: B

  21. Political apathy means
    A. interest in politics B. lack of interest in politics C. voting D. campaigning
    Answer: B

  22. Election rigging is
    A. fair voting B. cheating in election C. voting properly D. law making
    Answer: B

  23. Manifesto is
    A. law book B. party promises C. constitution D. budget
    Answer: B

  24. Political party aims to
    A. destroy government B. win political power C. farm D. trade only
    Answer: B

  25. Coalition government is formed by
    A. one party B. multiple parties C. army only D. judges
    Answer: B

76–100: Governance and Development

  1. Local government is
    A. central authority B. lowest level of government C. military rule D. court system
    Answer: B

  2. Local government chairman is
    A. president B. head of local council C. judge D. senator
    Answer: B

  3. Decentralization means
    A. central control B. sharing of power C. military rule D. dictatorship
    Answer: B

  4. Constitution guarantees
    A. chaos B. rights and duties C. war D. poverty
    Answer: B

  5. Law making body is
    A. executive B. legislature C. judiciary D. police
    Answer: B

  6. Law enforcement is done by
    A. teachers B. police C. farmers D. traders
    Answer: B

  7. Judiciary ensures
    A. injustice B. justice C. farming D. trade
    Answer: B

  8. Public service refers to
    A. private companies B. government workers C. traders D. farmers
    Answer: B

  9. Bureaucracy is
    A. farming system B. administrative system C. trade system D. military system
    Answer: B

  10. Civil service is
    A. military group B. government administration C. market system D. school system
    Answer: B

  11. Election observers ensure
    A. rigging B. free and fair elections C. corruption D. violence
    Answer: B

  12. Democracy can be strengthened by
    A. voter education B. ignorance C. violence D. rigging
    Answer: A

  13. Constitution can be
    A. rigid or flexible B. only rigid C. only flexible D. invisible
    Answer: A

  14. Rigid constitution is
    A. easy to change B. difficult to change C. unwritten D. illegal
    Answer: B

  15. Flexible constitution is
    A. difficult to change B. easy to change C. fixed D. rigid only
    Answer: B

  16. Political socialization is
    A. farming B. learning political culture C. trading D. judging
    Answer: B

  17. Pressure group influences
    A. elections only B. government decisions C. farming D. weather
    Answer: B

  18. Public opinion is
    A. private belief B. general view of people C. law D. tax
    Answer: B

  19. Mass media includes
    A. farms B. TV and radio C. schools only D. courts
    Answer: B

  20. Mass media informs
    A. government only B. citizens C. animals D. plants
    Answer: B

  21. Accountability means
    A. hiding actions B. being responsible C. cheating D. violence
    Answer: B

  22. Transparency means
    A. secrecy B. openness C. corruption D. dictatorship
    Answer: B

  23. Rule of law prevents
    A. justice B. arbitrariness C. voting D. law making
    Answer: B

  24. Good governance improves
    A. poverty B. development C. corruption D. war
    Answer: B

  25. Government exists to
    A. oppress citizens B. maintain order and welfare C. destroy economy D. remove laws
    Answer: B

EXAM SUCCESS TIPS

  • Understand basic government concepts clearly
  • Memorize definitions (democracy, sovereignty, constitution)
  • Study arms of government and their functions
  • Learn electoral systems and voting processes
  • Revise citizenship and human rights
  • Understand international organizations (UN, ECOWAS)
  • Practice past NECO questions regularly
  • Stay updated on civic and political issues
  • Focus on objective question patterns
  • Revise consistently before exams

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