JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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BASIC SCIENCE LESSON NOTE (JSS1 FIRST TERM)

Week 6: Characteristics of Living Things

Topic:

Basic Science Lesson Note on Characteristics of Living Things

Class:

JSS1 (Junior Secondary School 1)

Specific Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Define characteristics of living things.
  2. State the seven characteristics of living things (MRS GREN).
  3. Explain each characteristic clearly.
  4. Identify examples of each life process.
  5. Differentiate living things from non-living things using characteristics.
  6. Apply knowledge of life processes to real-life situations.

Lesson Content:

1. Meaning of Characteristics of Living Things

Characteristics of living things are the special features or activities that all living organisms show to prove that they are alive.

All living things (plants and animals) perform certain life processes that make them different from non-living things.

2. The Seven Characteristics of Living Things (MRS GREN)

Living things show seven major life processes summarized as MRS GREN:

  • M – Movement
  • R – Respiration
  • S – Sensitivity
  • G – Growth
  • R – Reproduction
  • E – Excretion
  • N – Nutrition

3. Movement

Movement is the ability of living things to change position or move parts of their body.

Examples:

  • Animals walking, running, or flying
  • Plants turning towards sunlight (sunflower)

4. Respiration

Respiration is the process by which living things release energy from food using oxygen.

Examples:

  • Humans breathing in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
  • Plants also respire at night

5. Sensitivity (Response to Stimuli)

Sensitivity is the ability of living things to respond to changes in their environment.

Examples:

  • Pulling back hand from hot water
  • Plants bending towards light

6. Growth

Growth is the permanent increase in size and development of living things.

Examples:

  • A baby growing into an adult
  • A seed growing into a tree

7. Reproduction

Reproduction is the process by which living things produce new young ones of their kind.

Examples:

  • Humans giving birth
  • Birds laying eggs
  • Plants producing seeds

8. Excretion

Excretion is the removal of waste products from the body of living things.

Examples:

  • Humans sweating and urinating
  • Plants releasing water vapour through leaves

9. Nutrition

Nutrition is the process by which living things obtain food for energy, growth, and repair.

Examples:

  • Humans eating food
  • Green plants making food through photosynthesis

10. Importance of MRS GREN

MRS GREN helps us to:

  • Identify living things easily
  • Understand how organisms survive
  • Differentiate living from non-living things
  • Study biology more effectively

Conclusion:

The characteristics of living things are important life processes that show that an organism is alive. The seven characteristics summarized as MRS GREN help students understand how living things survive and function in their environment.

Evaluation (Objective Questions):

  1. The characteristics of living things are summarized as
    A. ABC DEF
    B. MRS GREN
    C. XYZ ABC
    D. BIO SCI
    Answer: B

  2. Growth means
    A. Moving backwards
    B. Increase in size
    C. Sleeping
    D. Breaking
    Answer: B

  3. Respiration involves
    A. Eating food only
    B. Release of energy from food
    C. Sleeping
    D. Talking
    Answer: B

  4. Sensitivity is the ability to
    A. Ignore changes
    B. Respond to stimuli
    C. Sleep always
    D. Stop growing
    Answer: B

  5. Reproduction means
    A. Producing waste
    B. Producing young ones
    C. Eating food
    D. Moving around
    Answer: B

  6. Excretion is the removal of
    A. Food
    B. Waste products
    C. Water only
    D. Oxygen
    Answer: B

  7. Nutrition is the process of
    A. Sleeping
    B. Feeding
    C. Moving
    D. Cleaning
    Answer: B

  8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?
    A. Growth
    B. Movement
    C. Breaking
    D. Respiration
    Answer: C

  9. Plants can show movement by
    A. Running
    B. Walking
    C. Turning towards light
    D. Swimming
    Answer: C

  10. One importance of MRS GREN is to
    A. Confuse learners
    B. Identify living things
    C. Stop science learning
    D. Break objects
    Answer: B

Essay Questions:

  1. Define characteristics of living things.
  2. List the seven characteristics of living things.
  3. Explain any five characteristics of living things.
  4. Give examples of movement in plants and animals.
  5. What is reproduction? Give two examples.
  6. Explain how MRS GREN helps in identifying living things.

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