JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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BASIC SCIENCE LESSON NOTE (JSS1 FIRST TERM)

Week 4: Living and Non-Living Things

Topic:

Basic Science Lesson Note on Living and Non-Living Things

Class:

JSS1 (Junior Secondary School 1)

Specific Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Define living and non-living things.
  2. Identify examples of living and non-living things.
  3. State the differences between living and non-living things.
  4. List the characteristics of living things.
  5. Classify objects in the environment as living or non-living.
  6. Appreciate the importance of living things in the environment.

Lesson Content:

1. Meaning of Living Things

Living things are organisms that have life. They can carry out life processes such as growth, breathing, reproduction, and movement.

Examples of Living Things:

  • Humans
  • Animals (goat, dog, fish)
  • Plants (trees, grasses, flowers)

2. Meaning of Non-Living Things

Non-living things are objects that do not have life. They do not grow, breathe, eat, or reproduce.

Examples of Non-Living Things:

  • Stones
  • Water
  • Chairs
  • Tables
  • Cars
  • Books

3. Differences Between Living and Non-Living Things

Living Things Non-Living Things
Have life Do not have life
Grow Do not grow
Breathe Do not breathe
Reproduce Do not reproduce
Move on their own Cannot move on their own
Need food Do not need food

4. Characteristics of Living Things (MRS GREN)

Living things show the following characteristics:

M – Movement

Living things move from one place to another.

R – Respiration

They breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

S – Sensitivity

They respond to changes in the environment.

G – Growth

They increase in size and develop.

R – Reproduction

They produce young ones.

E – Excretion

They remove waste products from the body.

N – Nutrition

They feed on food to obtain energy.

5. Importance of Living Things

Living things are important because they:

  • Provide food (plants and animals)
  • Provide oxygen (plants)
  • Maintain balance in nature
  • Provide materials like wool, leather, and wood
  • Support human life

6. Classification of Objects in the Environment

Objects in the environment can be grouped into:

  • Living things (plants, animals, humans)
  • Non-living things (rocks, water, air, machines)

7. Importance of Understanding Living and Non-Living Things

  • Helps students understand the environment
  • Helps in proper classification of objects
  • Builds scientific thinking
  • Helps in environmental protection

Conclusion:

Living things are organisms that carry out life processes while non-living things do not show life. Understanding the difference helps students to better study nature and the environment. It also forms the foundation for studying Biology and Environmental Science in higher classes.

Evaluation (Objective Questions):

  1. Living things are things that
    A. Do not move
    B. Have life
    C. Are always hard
    D. Are made of metal
    Answer: B

  2. Which of the following is a non-living thing?
    A. Dog
    B. Tree
    C. Stone
    D. Fish
    Answer: C

  3. One characteristic of living things is
    A. Sleeping
    B. Growth
    C. Breaking
    D. Freezing
    Answer: B

  4. Non-living things do not
    A. Exist
    B. Move on their own
    C. Have shape
    D. Occupy space
    Answer: B

  5. Plants are classified as
    A. Non-living things
    B. Living things
    C. Machines
    D. Minerals
    Answer: B

  6. Which of these is a living thing?
    A. Chair
    B. Water
    C. Human being
    D. Car
    Answer: C

  7. Living things need ______ to survive.
    A. Rocks
    B. Food
    C. Sand
    D. Plastic
    Answer: B

  8. The full meaning of MRS GREN includes
    A. Movement and Respiration
    B. Machines and Robots
    C. Metals and Rocks
    D. Maps and Roads
    Answer: A

  9. Non-living things do not
    A. Grow
    B. Exist
    C. Occupy space
    D. Have shape
    Answer: A

  10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?
    A. Growth
    B. Reproduction
    C. Movement
    D. Breaking
    Answer: D

Essay Questions:

  1. Define living things with examples.
  2. What are non-living things? Give examples.
  3. State five differences between living and non-living things.
  4. Explain the meaning of MRS GREN.
  5. List five characteristics of living things.
  6. Explain the importance of living things in the environment.

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