JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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JAMB Government Past Questions and Answers (CBT Practice)

 

Introduction

Government in JAMB (UTME) focuses on the study of political systems, governance, political institutions, civic responsibilities, constitution, electoral systems, and international relations. It helps students understand how states are organized and how political power is exercised. Success in Government requires memorization of key concepts and consistent CBT practice. This set contains 100 JAMB-standard multiple-choice questions with properly shuffled options A–D and correct answers.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Instruction: Choose the correct option A–D.

1–25: Basic Concepts of Government

  1. Government is best defined as
    A. a political party B. the machinery of the state C. a military force D. an election body
    Answer: B

  2. One major function of government is
    A. cooking food B. maintaining law and order C. farming D. trading
    Answer: B

  3. A state consists of
    A. army only B. population only C. people, government, territory and sovereignty D. leaders only
    Answer: C

  4. Sovereignty means
    A. foreign control B. supreme power of the state C. military power only D. judicial power only
    Answer: B

  5. The territory of a state includes
    A. people only B. land, air and water space C. leaders only D. laws only
    Answer: B

  6. Population refers to
    A. government officials B. people living in a state C. laws D. soldiers only
    Answer: B

  7. Law is made to
    A. entertain people B. regulate behaviour C. promote crime D. increase population
    Answer: B

  8. Constitution is
    A. a song B. fundamental law of the state C. election result D. military order
    Answer: B

  9. A written constitution is found in
    A. UK B. USA C. Nigeria D. France only
    Answer: C

  10. An unwritten constitution is found in
    A. Nigeria B. USA C. UK D. India
    Answer: C

  11. Separation of powers was proposed by
    A. Aristotle B. Montesquieu C. Marx D. Lenin
    Answer: B

  12. The legislature makes
    A. laws B. judgments C. money D. war
    Answer: A

  13. The executive implements
    A. laws B. songs C. votes D. speeches only
    Answer: A

  14. The judiciary interprets
    A. music B. laws C. sports rules D. trade rules
    Answer: B

  15. Democracy means
    A. rule by king B. rule by the people C. rule by soldiers D. rule by judges
    Answer: B

  16. Dictatorship is
    A. rule by people B. rule by one person C. rule by election D. rule by constitution
    Answer: B

  17. An election is
    A. appointment process B. selection of leaders by voting C. military action D. judgment
    Answer: B

  18. Franchise means
    A. right to vote B. right to rule C. right to judge D. right to fight
    Answer: A

  19. Universal suffrage means
    A. limited voting B. right of all adults to vote C. military voting D. children voting
    Answer: B

  20. Political party is
    A. sports group B. organized group seeking power C. religious group D. business group
    Answer: B

  21. One-party system allows
    A. many parties B. only one party C. no party D. military rule only
    Answer: B

  22. Two-party system means
    A. one party B. two major parties C. many parties D. no parties
    Answer: B

  23. Multi-party system means
    A. one party B. two parties C. many parties D. no party
    Answer: C

  24. Rule of law means
    A. rule by king B. equality before law C. rule by army D. rule by judges only
    Answer: B

  25. Citizenship refers to
    A. membership of a club B. legal membership of a state C. military rank D. job title
    Answer: B

26–50: Government Structure and Institutions

  1. The head of state in Nigeria is the
    A. Governor B. President C. Speaker D. Chief Judge
    Answer: B

  2. The National Assembly consists of
    A. judges only B. Senate and House of Representatives C. governors only D. military
    Answer: B

  3. The Senate is headed by the
    A. Speaker B. Chief Justice C. Senate President D. Governor
    Answer: C

  4. The House of Representatives is headed by the
    A. Speaker B. President C. Chief Judge D. Minister
    Answer: A

  5. The Judiciary is headed by the
    A. President B. Chief Justice C. Speaker D. Governor
    Answer: B

  6. Local government is the
    A. highest level B. lowest level of government C. military level D. foreign level
    Answer: B

  7. The main function of local government is
    A. international trade B. grassroots development C. war making D. constitution making
    Answer: B

  8. Federal system of government involves
    A. one level B. two or more levels C. no government D. military only
    Answer: B

  9. Unitary system has
    A. many governments B. one central government C. no government D. military rule
    Answer: B

  10. Confederation is
    A. strong central government B. loose association of states C. dictatorship D. monarchy
    Answer: B

  11. Parliamentary system originated from
    A. USA B. UK C. Nigeria D. France
    Answer: B

  12. Presidential system is practiced in
    A. UK B. USA C. Canada only D. Ghana only
    Answer: B

  13. The Constitution of Nigeria is supreme because it
    A. can be ignored B. is the highest law C. is optional D. is military law
    Answer: B

  14. Public service is made up of
    A. traders B. civil servants C. soldiers only D. farmers
    Answer: B

  15. Civil service is
    A. private company B. government administrative machinery C. army D. school system
    Answer: B

  16. Minister is appointed by
    A. Governor B. President C. Chief Judge D. Speaker
    Answer: B

  17. Cabinet consists of
    A. judges B. ministers C. soldiers D. teachers
    Answer: B

  18. The executive arm is responsible for
    A. law making B. policy implementation C. judging cases D. voting
    Answer: B

  19. A bill becomes law after
    A. debate only B. presidential assent C. election D. protest
    Answer: B

  20. Law court settles
    A. sports issues B. disputes C. farming issues D. trade issues only
    Answer: B

  21. Police maintain
    A. entertainment B. law and order C. farming D. elections only
    Answer: B

  22. Military is responsible for
    A. farming B. national defence C. teaching D. trade
    Answer: B

  23. Electoral commission organizes
    A. sports B. elections C. farming D. courts
    Answer: B

  24. Political ideology is
    A. food system B. belief system about governance C. music style D. farming method
    Answer: B

  25. Capitalism supports
    A. state ownership B. private ownership C. no ownership D. military ownership
    Answer: B

51–100: Political Development, Citizenship and International Relations

  1. Socialism emphasizes
    A. private ownership B. collective ownership C. no ownership D. military rule
    Answer: B

  2. Communism advocates
    A. equality and common ownership B. private profit C. monarchy D. dictatorship only
    Answer: A

  3. Colonialism means
    A. self-rule B. foreign control C. democracy D. independence
    Answer: B

  4. Independence means
    A. foreign rule B. self-government C. military control D. trade union
    Answer: B

  5. Nationalism is
    A. love for foreign rule B. love for one’s country C. hatred of country D. trade system
    Answer: B

  6. Human rights are
    A. privileges only B. basic freedoms C. military rules D. laws only
    Answer: B

  7. Example of human right is
    A. voting right B. right to life C. trade right D. war right
    Answer: B

  8. Election rigging is
    A. fair voting B. electoral fraud C. democracy D. constitution
    Answer: B

  9. Electoral body in Nigeria is
    A. INEC B. NAFDAC C. WHO D. ECOWAS
    Answer: A

  10. ECOWAS is
    A. local club B. regional organization C. school system D. army unit
    Answer: B

  11. United Nations promotes
    A. war B. peace C. farming D. trade only
    Answer: B

  12. The UN headquarters is in
    A. London B. New York C. Abuja D. Paris
    Answer: B

  13. Constitution amendment means
    A. destruction B. modification C. removal D. banning
    Answer: B

  14. A republic is a system where
    A. king rules B. leaders are elected C. military rules D. no government exists
    Answer: B

  15. Monarchy is rule by
    A. president B. king or queen C. soldiers D. judges
    Answer: B

  16. Absolute monarchy means
    A. limited power B. unlimited power C. democracy D. republic
    Answer: B

  17. Constitutional monarchy means
    A. king has no power B. king ruled by constitution C. no king D. military rule
    Answer: B

  18. Pressure group influences
    A. elections B. government decisions C. sports D. farming
    Answer: B

  19. Trade union protects
    A. government B. workers’ rights C. soldiers D. students only
    Answer: B

  20. Corruption means
    A. honesty B. misuse of power C. democracy D. justice
    Answer: B

  21. Bribery is
    A. legal payment B. illegal reward C. salary D. tax
    Answer: B

  22. Federalism helps to
    A. centralize power B. share power C. remove government D. destroy laws
    Answer: B

  23. Constitution can be classified as
    A. rigid or flexible B. hard or soft C. fast or slow D. weak or strong
    Answer: A

  24. Flexible constitution is
    A. hard to change B. easy to change C. impossible to change D. military based
    Answer: B

  25. Rigid constitution is
    A. easy to change B. difficult to change C. flexible D. informal
    Answer: B

  26. Sovereign state is
    A. controlled by others B. independent C. military ruled only D. colony
    Answer: B

  27. Citizenship can be acquired by
    A. birth B. marriage C. naturalization D. all of the above
    Answer: D

  28. Naturalization is
    A. birth process B. legal acquisition of citizenship C. election process D. war process
    Answer: B

  29. Political participation includes
    A. sleeping B. voting C. eating D. farming
    Answer: B

  30. Voter education helps
    A. confuse voters B. inform voters C. stop voting D. rig elections
    Answer: B

  31. Democracy promotes
    A. dictatorship B. participation C. war D. confusion
    Answer: B

  32. Dictatorship limits
    A. power B. freedom C. laws D. courts
    Answer: B

  33. Public opinion is
    A. government law B. views of citizens C. military order D. court judgment
    Answer: B

  34. Sovereign immunity means
    A. no law applies B. government cannot be sued easily C. citizens rule D. military rule
    Answer: B

  35. Electoral malpractice includes
    A. voting B. rigging C. campaigning D. debating
    Answer: B

  36. Referendum is
    A. election of president B. voting on issue C. court case D. military vote
    Answer: B

  37. Democracy originated from
    A. Rome B. Greece C. Nigeria D. China
    Answer: B

  38. Aristotle is known for
    A. physics B. political theory C. chemistry D. biology
    Answer: B

  39. Citizenship duties include
    A. stealing B. obeying laws C. fighting government D. corruption
    Answer: B

  40. Tax is
    A. gift B. compulsory payment C. loan D. reward
    Answer: B

  41. Budget is
    A. plan of income and expenditure B. law only C. election result D. speech
    Answer: A

  42. Legislature is also called
    A. parliament B. court C. army D. police
    Answer: A

  43. Executive is also called
    A. law makers B. administration C. judges D. voters
    Answer: B

  44. Judiciary ensures
    A. injustice B. justice C. war D. fraud
    Answer: B

  45. Separation of powers prevents
    A. abuse of power B. voting C. elections D. laws
    Answer: A

  46. Rule of law ensures
    A. equality B. dictatorship C. injustice D. confusion
    Answer: A

  47. Political stability means
    A. confusion B. stable government C. war D. protests
    Answer: B

  48. Independence Day celebrates
    A. war B. freedom C. election D. constitution
    Answer: B

  49. Diplomacy is
    A. war strategy B. peaceful negotiation C. protest D. voting
    Answer: B

  50. Government exists to
    A. exploit people B. serve citizens C. destroy laws D. stop elections
    Answer: B

EXAM SUCCESS TIPS

  • Memorize key political terms and definitions
  • Understand structure of government systems
  • Study constitution and rule of law
  • Practice past JAMB CBT questions
  • Learn international organizations (UN, ECOWAS)
  • Understand electoral systems and processes
  • Revise civic duties and human rights
  • Focus on political ideologies
  • Practice timed CBT simulations
  • Read consistently and revise summaries

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