JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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WAEC Chemistry Past Questions and Answers

 

Introduction

Chemistry is a core science subject in WAEC that studies the composition, properties, and changes of matter. It combines theory, calculations, and practical knowledge. Success in Chemistry requires understanding concepts such as atomic structure, chemical reactions, acids and bases, and organic chemistry. This post provides 100 WAEC-standard objective questions and answers for effective exam preparation.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (1–100)

Instruction: Choose the correct option A–D.

1–20: Atomic Structure & Periodic Table

  1. The smallest particle of an element is
    A. molecule B. atom C. compound D. ion
    Answer: B

  2. Protons are found in the
    A. nucleus B. shell C. orbit D. cloud
    Answer: A

  3. Electrons are negatively charged particles in the
    A. nucleus B. shell C. proton D. neutron
    Answer: B

  4. Neutrons have
    A. positive charge B. negative charge C. no charge D. double charge
    Answer: C

  5. Atomic number is the number of
    A. neutrons B. protons C. electrons + neutrons D. molecules
    Answer: B

  6. Mass number is the sum of
    A. protons only B. neutrons only C. protons and neutrons D. electrons and protons
    Answer: C

  7. Isotopes are atoms with same number of protons but different
    A. electrons B. neutrons C. shells D. molecules
    Answer: B

  8. The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing
    A. mass number B. atomic number C. density D. volume
    Answer: B

  9. Elements in the same group have the same
    A. protons B. valence electrons C. neutrons D. mass
    Answer: B

  10. The noble gases are found in group
    A. 0 B. I C. II D. VII
    Answer: A

  11. Sodium is in group
    A. I B. II C. III D. IV
    Answer: A

  12. Chlorine belongs to group
    A. VII B. I C. II D. VIII
    Answer: A

  13. The number of shells is called
    A. period B. group C. block D. family
    Answer: A

  14. Metals are generally
    A. brittle B. good conductors C. gases D. non-conductors
    Answer: B

  15. Non-metals are generally
    A. shiny B. good conductors C. poor conductors D. malleable
    Answer: C

  16. The electron configuration of sodium is
    A. 2,8,1 B. 2,7,1 C. 2,8,2 D. 2,6,2
    Answer: A

  17. The valency of oxygen is
    A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
    Answer: B

  18. The atomic number of hydrogen is
    A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
    Answer: A

  19. The most abundant element in air is
    A. oxygen B. nitrogen C. carbon dioxide D. hydrogen
    Answer: B

  20. The chemical symbol for potassium is
    A. P B. K C. Pt D. Po
    Answer: B

21–40: Chemical Bonding & Reactions

  1. Ionic bond is formed by
    A. sharing electrons B. transfer of electrons C. sharing protons D. transfer of neutrons
    Answer: B

  2. Covalent bond involves
    A. transfer of electrons B. sharing of electrons C. transfer of ions D. loss of protons
    Answer: B

  3. Sodium chloride is an example of
    A. covalent compound B. ionic compound C. metallic compound D. mixture
    Answer: B

  4. Water is
    A. element B. compound C. mixture D. atom
    Answer: B

  5. A chemical change involves
    A. change in state only B. formation of new substance C. no reaction D. evaporation only
    Answer: B

  6. Physical change is
    A. reversible B. irreversible C. explosive D. chemical
    Answer: A

  7. The pH of a neutral solution is
    A. 1 B. 7 C. 14 D. 0
    Answer: B

  8. Acid turns litmus paper
    A. blue to red B. red to blue C. green to yellow D. black to white
    Answer: A

  9. Base turns litmus paper
    A. red to blue B. blue to red C. green to red D. yellow to blue
    Answer: A

  10. Salt is formed from
    A. acid + base B. acid + acid C. base + base D. water only
    Answer: A

  11. Neutralization produces
    A. acid only B. salt and water C. gas only D. base only
    Answer: B

  12. A catalyst
    A. slows reaction B. speeds up reaction C. stops reaction D. changes products
    Answer: B

  13. Rusting requires
    A. oxygen only B. water only C. oxygen and water D. carbon dioxide
    Answer: C

  14. Combustion is
    A. burning B. freezing C. melting D. dissolving
    Answer: A

  15. Exothermic reaction releases
    A. heat B. cold C. light only D. sound only
    Answer: A

  16. Endothermic reaction absorbs
    A. heat B. oxygen C. water D. salt
    Answer: A

  17. The gas produced in acid + metal reaction is
    A. oxygen B. hydrogen C. nitrogen D. carbon dioxide
    Answer: B

  18. Carbon dioxide turns limewater
    A. blue B. milky C. red D. green
    Answer: B

  19. A mixture can be separated by
    A. chemical reaction B. physical means C. nuclear reaction D. bonding
    Answer: B

  20. Filtration is used to separate
    A. solid from liquid B. gas from gas C. liquid from liquid D. metal from metal
    Answer: A

41–60: Acids, Bases & Calculations

  1. Strong acid completely
    A. evaporates B. ionizes C. freezes D. melts
    Answer: B

  2. Weak acid partially
    A. ionizes B. freezes C. burns D. dissolves
    Answer: A

  3. Example of acid is
    A. NaOH B. HCl C. KOH D. CaO
    Answer: B

  4. Example of base is
    A. HCl B. NaOH C. H2SO4 D. HNO3
    Answer: B

  5. Indicator is used to test
    A. temperature B. pH C. mass D. volume
    Answer: B

  6. Molar mass is measured in
    A. gram B. g/mol C. mol/L D. kg
    Answer: B

  7. Mole is a unit of
    A. pressure B. amount of substance C. energy D. mass only
    Answer: B

  8. Avogadro’s number is
    A. 6.02 × 10²³ B. 3.0 × 10⁸ C. 9.8 D. 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹
    Answer: A

  9. Standard temperature is
    A. 0°C B. 100°C C. 50°C D. 25°C
    Answer: A

  10. Standard pressure is
    A. 1 atm B. 2 atm C. 0 atm D. 10 atm
    Answer: A

  11. Gas pressure increases when volume
    A. increases B. decreases C. remains same D. stops
    Answer: B

  12. Boyle’s law relates pressure and
    A. temperature B. volume C. mass D. density
    Answer: B

  13. Charles’ law relates volume and
    A. temperature B. pressure C. mass D. force
    Answer: A

  14. Ideal gas law is
    A. PV = nRT B. F = ma C. E = mc² D. V = IR
    Answer: A

  15. Concentration is
    A. mass/volume B. force/area C. energy/time D. speed/distance
    Answer: A

  16. Solution is a
    A. pure substance B. homogeneous mixture C. heterogeneous mixture D. compound only
    Answer: B

  17. Solvent is
    A. dissolved substance B. dissolving medium C. gas only D. solid only
    Answer: B

  18. Solute is
    A. dissolving medium B. dissolved substance C. gas only D. liquid only
    Answer: B

  19. Saturated solution contains
    A. no solute B. maximum solute C. no solvent D. gas only
    Answer: B

  20. Unsaturated solution can dissolve
    A. no more solute B. more solute C. only gas D. only solid
    Answer: B

61–80: Organic Chemistry

  1. Organic chemistry studies
    A. metals B. carbon compounds C. gases D. salts
    Answer: B

  2. Hydrocarbons contain
    A. carbon only B. carbon and hydrogen C. oxygen only D. nitrogen only
    Answer: B

  3. Alkanes are
    A. saturated hydrocarbons B. unsaturated C. acids D. bases
    Answer: A

  4. Example of alkane is
    A. ethane B. ethene C. ethyne D. ethanol
    Answer: A

  5. Alkenes contain
    A. single bond B. double bond C. triple bond D. no bond
    Answer: B

  6. Ethene is
    A. alkane B. alkene C. alkyne D. alcohol
    Answer: B

  7. Ethanol is
    A. acid B. alcohol C. alkane D. salt
    Answer: B

  8. Fermentation produces
    A. oxygen B. ethanol C. hydrogen D. chlorine
    Answer: B

  9. Crude oil is a mixture of
    A. gases B. hydrocarbons C. salts D. metals
    Answer: B

  10. Fractional distillation separates
    A. solids B. liquids C. gases D. compounds
    Answer: B

  11. Plastics are
    A. natural polymers B. synthetic polymers C. metals D. gases
    Answer: B

  12. Polymer is made from
    A. monomers B. atoms C. ions D. molecules only
    Answer: A

  13. Soap is used for
    A. cooking B. cleaning C. burning D. freezing
    Answer: B

  14. Detergents are
    A. acids B. cleaning agents C. gases D. metals
    Answer: B

  15. Organic compounds always contain
    A. oxygen B. carbon C. nitrogen D. chlorine
    Answer: B

81–100: Electrochemistry & Miscellaneous

  1. Electrolysis is decomposition using
    A. heat B. electricity C. light D. pressure
    Answer: B

  2. Anode is
    A. positive electrode B. negative electrode C. neutral D. salt bridge
    Answer: A

  3. Cathode is
    A. positive electrode B. negative electrode C. gas D. solution
    Answer: B

  4. Oxidation is
    A. loss of electrons B. gain of electrons C. loss of neutrons D. gain of protons
    Answer: A

  5. Reduction is
    A. loss of electrons B. gain of electrons C. loss of mass D. gain of heat
    Answer: B

  6. Redox reaction involves
    A. only oxidation B. only reduction C. both oxidation and reduction D. no change
    Answer: C

  7. Battery converts
    A. chemical energy to electrical energy B. heat to light C. sound to heat D. light to sound
    Answer: A

  8. Electroplating is used to
    A. rust metal B. coat metal C. burn metal D. melt metal
    Answer: B

  9. Corrosion is
    A. cleaning metal B. destruction of metal C. painting metal D. heating metal
    Answer: B

  10. Alloy is
    A. pure metal B. mixture of metals C. gas D. salt
    Answer: B

  11. Steel is alloy of iron and
    A. copper B. carbon C. zinc D. oxygen
    Answer: B

  12. Water is
    A. element B. compound C. mixture D. atom
    Answer: B

  13. Air is
    A. compound B. mixture C. element D. atom
    Answer: B

  14. Oxygen supports
    A. burning B. freezing C. dissolving D. rusting only
    Answer: A

  15. Nitrogen is
    A. reactive gas B. inert gas C. metal D. acid
    Answer: B

  16. Chemical equation shows
    A. words only B. symbols of reaction C. numbers only D. diagrams
    Answer: B

  17. Law of conservation of mass states mass is
    A. created B. destroyed C. constant D. changing
    Answer: C

  18. pH scale ranges from
    A. 0–7 B. 0–14 C. 1–10 D. 5–15
    Answer: B

  19. Acidic solution has pH
    A. >7 B. <7 C. =7 D. =14
    Answer: B

  20. Basic solution has pH
    A. <7 B. >7 C. =7 D. 0
    Answer: B

  21. Neutral solution has pH
    A. 0 B. 7 C. 14 D. 10
    Answer: B

  22. Gas used in balloons is
    A. oxygen B. helium C. nitrogen D. chlorine
    Answer: B

  23. Dry ice is
    A. solid oxygen B. solid carbon dioxide C. ice water D. salt
    Answer: B

  24. Water is a
    A. gas B. liquid C. solid D. plasma
    Answer: B

  25. Chemistry is the study of
    A. living things B. matter and its changes C. planets D. machines
    Answer: B

EXAM SUCCESS TIPS

  • Master the periodic table
  • Practice calculations (mole, gas laws)
  • Learn chemical equations
  • Understand organic chemistry basics
  • Revise electrolysis and redox reactions
  • Practice WAEC past questions daily
  • Memorize key definitions and laws
  • Focus on pH and acid-base reactions
  • Study practical chemistry experiments
  • Stay consistent with revision and avoid cramming

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