JAMB CBT PRACTICE TEST

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BIOLOGY LESSON NOTE ON HUMAN KIDNEY

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Lesson Note on the Human Kidney Topic: The Human Kidney Duration: 40 minutes Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Define the kidney and state its location in the human body. Identify and describe the structure and functions of the kidney. Explain the processes involved in urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, and secretion). Describe how the kidney contributes to homeostasis. Identify common kidney-related diseases and how to prevent them. Evaluate the importance of maintaining kidney health. Lesson Content: 1. Introduction to the Human Kidney The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance. They are part of the excretory system and play a crucial role in homeostasis. Location: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is bean-shaped and about the size of a fi...
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WAEC Commerce Past Questions and Answers (Objective Practice)

 

Introduction

Commerce is a WAEC subject that deals with the buying and selling of goods and services and all activities that aid trade. It covers topics such as trade, business organizations, banking, transportation, insurance, communication, and marketing. A strong understanding of Commerce helps students understand how businesses operate in the real world. This post provides WAEC-standard objective questions and answers for effective exam preparation.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Instruction: Choose the correct option A–D.

1–20: Basic Concepts of Commerce

  1. Commerce is the study of
    A. farming B. trade and aids to trade C. science D. government
    Answer: B

  2. Trade means
    A. production B. buying and selling of goods C. farming D. mining
    Answer: B

  3. Home trade is also called
    A. foreign trade B. internal trade C. international trade D. export
    Answer: B

  4. Foreign trade is
    A. local trade B. international trade C. street trade D. market trade
    Answer: B

  5. Wholesale trade involves
    A. selling in small quantities B. buying in large quantities C. farming D. banking
    Answer: B

  6. Retail trade involves
    A. selling to final consumers B. exporting goods C. importing goods D. manufacturing
    Answer: A

  7. A retailer sells goods to
    A. wholesalers B. consumers C. producers D. exporters
    Answer: B

  8. A wholesaler sells goods to
    A. consumers B. retailers C. farmers D. banks
    Answer: B

  9. One function of trade is
    A. destruction B. distribution of goods C. war D. farming
    Answer: B

  10. Barter system is
    A. exchange of goods for money B. exchange of goods for goods C. banking system D. insurance
    Answer: B

  11. One problem of barter system is
    A. easy exchange B. double coincidence of wants C. money use D. banking
    Answer: B

  12. Money serves as
    A. barrier B. medium of exchange C. crop D. labour
    Answer: B

  13. One function of money is
    A. destruction B. measure of value C. farming D. transport
    Answer: B

  14. Commerce includes
    A. trade only B. trade and aids to trade C. farming only D. mining only
    Answer: B

  15. Goods are
    A. services only B. tangible items C. ideas only D. air
    Answer: B

  16. Services are
    A. tangible B. intangible C. physical goods D. machines
    Answer: B

  17. Demand means
    A. desire only B. desire backed with ability to pay C. supply D. production
    Answer: B

  18. Supply means
    A. availability of goods B. demand only C. consumption D. tax
    Answer: A

  19. Price is determined by
    A. weather B. demand and supply C. population only D. law
    Answer: B

  20. Market is
    A. school B. place for buying and selling C. farm D. office
    Answer: B

21–40: Business Units & Organizations

  1. Sole proprietorship is owned by
    A. many people B. one person C. government D. workers
    Answer: B

  2. Partnership involves
    A. one owner B. two or more owners C. government only D. banks
    Answer: B

  3. A company is owned by
    A. one person B. shareholders C. farmers D. traders only
    Answer: B

  4. Public enterprise is owned by
    A. individuals B. government C. foreigners D. workers
    Answer: B

  5. Limited liability means
    A. unlimited loss B. liability limited to investment C. no business D. government control
    Answer: B

  6. One advantage of sole proprietorship is
    A. complex B. easy to start C. many owners D. heavy capital
    Answer: B

  7. One disadvantage of partnership is
    A. easy management B. disagreement among partners C. more capital D. shared responsibility
    Answer: B

  8. Shareholders are owners of
    A. shops B. companies C. farms D. markets
    Answer: B

  9. Dividend is
    A. tax B. profit shared among shareholders C. loan D. salary
    Answer: B

  10. Capital is
    A. goods B. money and assets used in business C. labour D. land
    Answer: B

  11. Profit is
    A. cost - revenue B. revenue - cost C. tax D. loss
    Answer: B

  12. Loss is
    A. revenue - cost B. cost - revenue C. profit D. tax
    Answer: B

  13. Business organization aims at
    A. loss B. profit C. war D. farming
    Answer: B

  14. Management means
    A. destruction B. planning and organizing business C. farming D. mining
    Answer: B

  15. Production is
    A. consumption B. creation of goods and services C. transport D. banking
    Answer: B

  16. Consumer is
    A. seller B. user of goods C. producer D. bank
    Answer: B

  17. Producer is
    A. buyer B. creator of goods/services C. consumer D. retailer
    Answer: B

  18. Chain of distribution involves
    A. production only B. movement of goods from producer to consumer C. farming D. mining
    Answer: B

  19. Middlemen include
    A. doctors B. wholesalers and retailers C. teachers D. farmers
    Answer: B

  20. Trade helps in
    A. shortage B. distribution of goods C. war D. unemployment
    Answer: B

41–60: Aids to Trade

  1. Transportation helps in
    A. destroying goods B. movement of goods C. farming D. banking
    Answer: B

  2. Communication helps in
    A. message transfer B. farming C. mining D. cooking
    Answer: A

  3. Banking provides
    A. storage of crops B. financial services C. transport D. farming tools
    Answer: B

  4. Insurance is protection against
    A. profit B. risk C. farming D. trade
    Answer: B

  5. Warehousing is for
    A. production B. storage of goods C. transport D. consumption
    Answer: B

  6. Advertising is used to
    A. hide goods B. promote goods C. destroy goods D. store goods
    Answer: B

  7. One example of transport is
    A. banking B. road C. insurance D. trade
    Answer: B

  8. Air transport is
    A. slow B. fast C. cheapest always D. useless
    Answer: B

  9. Sea transport is used for
    A. small goods only B. bulky goods C. school items D. clothing only
    Answer: B

  10. Communication includes
    A. letters B. farming C. mining D. trade only
    Answer: A

61–80: Banking, Insurance & Finance

  1. Bank is an institution that
    A. produces goods B. accepts deposits and gives loans C. farms D. builds roads
    Answer: B

  2. Interest is payment for
    A. labour B. borrowing money C. land D. tax
    Answer: B

  3. Savings is
    A. spending money B. money not spent C. tax D. profit
    Answer: B

  4. Current account is used for
    A. savings only B. daily transactions C. farming D. trade only
    Answer: B

  5. Cheque is
    A. money B. written order to bank C. crop D. insurance
    Answer: B

  6. Insurance policy is
    A. agreement for protection B. loan C. tax D. trade
    Answer: A

  7. Premium is
    A. profit B. payment for insurance C. loss D. tax
    Answer: B

  8. Insurance helps to
    A. increase risk B. reduce risk C. destroy goods D. stop trade
    Answer: B

  9. Life insurance covers
    A. goods B. human life C. vehicles only D. crops only
    Answer: B

  10. Fire insurance covers
    A. theft B. fire damage C. flood only D. transport
    Answer: B

61–80: Trade, Marketing & International Trade

  1. Export means
    A. buying goods B. selling goods abroad C. local trade D. storage
    Answer: B

  2. Import means
    A. selling abroad B. buying from abroad C. farming D. production
    Answer: B

  3. Balance of trade is
    A. exports - imports B. imports - exports C. tax - subsidy D. profit - loss
    Answer: A

  4. Invisible trade involves
    A. goods B. services C. farming D. mining
    Answer: B

  5. Visible trade involves
    A. services B. goods C. ideas D. labour
    Answer: B

  6. Tariff is
    A. tax on imports B. subsidy C. loan D. profit
    Answer: A

  7. Marketing includes
    A. production only B. all activities to move goods to consumers C. farming D. mining
    Answer: B

  8. Market segmentation means
    A. dividing market B. destroying market C. closing market D. ignoring customers
    Answer: A

  9. Consumer goods are used for
    A. production B. final consumption C. export D. storage
    Answer: B

  10. Capital goods are used for
    A. enjoyment B. production C. consumption D. trade only
    Answer: B

81–100: Miscellaneous Commerce Topics

  1. Business risk means
    A. guarantee B. uncertainty of profit or loss C. tax D. salary
    Answer: B

  2. Entrepreneurship is
    A. risk-taking in business B. farming C. banking only D. teaching
    Answer: A

  3. One role of entrepreneur is
    A. farming B. organizing business C. mining D. trading only
    Answer: B

  4. Stock exchange deals with
    A. crops B. buying and selling shares C. farming D. transport
    Answer: B

  5. Commodity exchange deals with
    A. shares B. goods C. land D. labour
    Answer: B

  6. Inflation affects
    A. prices B. weather C. land D. transport
    Answer: A

  7. Deflation is
    A. rise in prices B. fall in prices C. trade increase D. banking
    Answer: B

  8. Economic development means
    A. decline B. improvement in living standard C. war D. crime
    Answer: B

  9. Public relations is
    A. farming B. maintaining good image of business C. mining D. transport
    Answer: B

  10. Consumer protection protects
    A. sellers only B. buyers C. banks D. government
    Answer: B

  11. Sole trader bears
    A. shared risk B. all risks alone C. no risk D. government risk
    Answer: B

  12. Partnership deed is
    A. farm record B. agreement between partners C. tax rule D. bank rule
    Answer: B

  13. Cooperative society is
    A. government owned B. owned by members C. private company D. army group
    Answer: B

  14. Cooperative aims at
    A. profit only B. mutual benefit C. war D. corruption
    Answer: B

  15. Business environment includes
    A. internal only B. internal and external factors C. weather only D. land only
    Answer: B

  16. Internal environment includes
    A. competitors B. employees and management C. government D. economy
    Answer: B

  17. External environment includes
    A. staff B. government and economy C. factory D. workers
    Answer: B

  18. Profit maximization means
    A. reducing profit B. increasing profit C. loss D. tax
    Answer: B

  19. Business ethics means
    A. corruption B. moral principles in business C. fraud D. theft
    Answer: B

  20. Customer is always
    A. wrong B. right C. seller D. producer
    Answer: B

  21. After-sales service helps
    A. reduce customers B. increase satisfaction C. stop trade D. destroy goods
    Answer: B

  22. Wholesale trade involves
    A. small scale B. large scale C. farming D. banking
    Answer: B

  23. Retail trade involves
    A. selling to final consumers B. exporting goods C. manufacturing D. farming
    Answer: A

  24. Trade discount is given to
    A. consumers B. traders C. farmers D. workers
    Answer: B

  25. Cash discount is given for
    A. delayed payment B. prompt payment C. farming D. transport
    Answer: B

  26. Business expansion means
    A. reduction B. growth C. loss D. closure
    Answer: B

  27. Joint stock company is owned by
    A. one person B. shareholders C. government only D. workers
    Answer: B

  28. Limited company liability is
    A. unlimited B. limited to shares C. zero D. government paid
    Answer: B

  29. Commerce is important because it
    A. reduces trade B. facilitates exchange of goods C. stops economy D. creates war
    Answer: B

  30. Commerce helps in
    A. poverty B. economic development C. crime D. inflation
    Answer: B

EXAM SUCCESS TIPS

  • Learn definitions of key commerce terms
  • Understand trade types and business units
  • Revise banking and insurance concepts
  • Practice aids to trade regularly
  • Study international trade basics
  • Memorize marketing and distribution channels
  • Solve past WAEC questions frequently
  • Focus on real-life business examples
  • Practice CBT-style objective tests
  • Stay consistent with revision and avoid cramming

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